centos6.5 安装postgresql9.4

1.下载安装包

从Postgres官方网站下载postgresql-9.6.1-1-Linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz安装包

2.创建用户

创建Postgres用户：

useradd postgres                                                                                                                                                                         passwd postgres(postgres)
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3.解压

为了保证我们使用postgres用户安装完成后其他用户也能使用，我们采用root用户解压安装包到/usr目录中，再将相应目录的权限改回postgres

sucd /data/soft/postgres/tar -zxvf postgresql-9.6.1-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /usr
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4.更改目录权限

切换到/usr目录，找到刚才解压的pgsql文件夹，将pasql文件夹的所有者改回postgres

chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/pgsql
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5.建立数据目录

在/opt目录下建立postgres的数据目录，并更改文件夹所有者为postgres

cd /opt mkdir postgrescd postgresmkdir 9.6cd 9.6mkdir datacd /optchown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgres
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如果后期忘记了posgresql安装到什么目录了，可以通过查找pg_hba.conf,来定位postgresql的位置

添加PG_HOME和PGDATA环境变量

vim ~/.bash_profileexport PG_HOME=/usr/pgsqlexport PGDATA=/opt/postgres/9.6/dataexport PATH=$PATH:$PG_HOME/bin
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6.初始化数据库

切换到postgres用户，初始化数据库

find . -name initdbsu - postgres/usr/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data
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执行完成后结果如下：

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".This user must also own the server process.The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".The default text search configuration will be set to "english".Data page checksums are disabled.fixing permissions on existing directory /opt/postgres/9.6/data ... okcreating subdirectories ... okselecting default max_connections ... 100selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MBselecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posixcreating configuration files ... okrunning bootstrap script ... okperforming post-bootstrap initialization ... oksyncing data to disk ... okWARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connectionsYou can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.Success. You can now start the database server using:/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l logfile start
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如果想对postgres进行配置，可以编辑如下文件：

cd /opt/postgres/9.6/datavim postgresql.conf
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7.启动数据库

先创建日志目录

cd /opt/postgres/9.6/mkdir logs
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启动数据库：

/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l /opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log start
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查看服务是否启动成功

ps -ef | grep postgres
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当看到类似下面的结果时，说明服务启动成功了

[postgres@hadoop1 9.6]$ ps -ef | grep postgresroot       3659   3644  0 09:46 pts/1    00:00:00 su - postgrespostgres   3660   3659  0 09:46 pts/1    00:00:00 -bashroot       4056   3751  0 10:15 pts/1    00:00:00 su - postgrespostgres   4057   4056  0 10:15 pts/1    00:00:00 -bashpostgres   4946      1  0 10:26 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /opt/postgres/9.6/datapostgres   4948   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process                   postgres   4949   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process                         postgres   4950   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process                     postgres   4951   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process            postgres   4952   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process                postgres   5560   4057  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -efpostgres   5561   4057  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 grep postgres
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调用如下命令查看postgres服务：

service --status-all | grep postgres
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然后发现并没有结果，因此需要将postgresql注册到服务列表

8.修改postgres用户的访问密码并测试建库建表

PostgreSQL 数据库默认会创建一个postgres的数据库用户作为数据库的管理员，默认密码为空，我们需要修改为指定的密码，这里设定为’postgres’ 
直接在控制台输入以下命令：

su - postgrespsql# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';# select * from pg_shadow ;# create database project;# \c projectproject=# create table person(id integer, name text);project=# insert into person values (1, 'jimmy');project=# select * from person
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可以看到我们刚才插入的那条数据

9.将postgresql-9.6添加到服务列表

su rootcd /etc/init.d/touch postgresql-9.6vim postgresql-9.6
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添加以下内容：

#! /bin/sh# chkconfig: 2345 98 02# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables# and maybe the 'echo' commands.## Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:# chkconfig --add postgresql## Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network# settings, so you should treat this with care.# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <[e-mail]># contrib/start-scripts/linux## EDIT FROM HERE# Installation prefixprefix=/usr/pgsql# Data directoryPGDATA="/opt/postgres/9.6/data/"# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")PGUSER=postgres# Where to keep a log filePGLOG="/opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log"# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  To do that, uncomment these# three lines:#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except for having a different# range of scores.  For such a system, uncomment these three lines instead:#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_adj#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-17#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0## STOP EDITING HERE# The path that is to be used for the scriptPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"# What to use to shut down the postmasterPGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"set -e# Only start if we can find the postmaster.test -x $DAEMON ||{    echo "$DAEMON not found"    if [ "$1" = "stop" ]    then exit 0    else exit 5    fi}# If we want to tell child processes to adjust their OOM scores, set up the# necessary environment variables.  Can't just export them through the "su".if [ -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" -a -n "$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" ]then    DAEMON_ENV="PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ"fi# Parse command line parameters.case $1 in  start)    echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "    test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1    echo "ok"    ;;  stop)    echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"    echo "ok"    ;;  restart)    echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"    test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1    echo "ok"    ;;  reload)        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"        echo "ok"        ;;  status)    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"    ;;  *)    # Print help    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2    exit 1    ;;esacexit 0
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需要根据安装路径修改配置中相应的路径信息 
接着就可以使用service postgresql-9.6 start/stop/status来操作postgresql的启停了

10.把postgresql加入自启动列表

cd /etc/init.dchkconfig --add postgresql-9.6
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查看一下自启动列表

chkconfig --list
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在这里可以看到postgresq-9.6已经在其中了。

11.配置postgresql允许远程访问

只需要修改data目录下的pg_hba.conf和postgresql.conf这两个文件： 
pg_hba.conf：配置对数据库的访问权限； 
postgresql.conf：配置PostgreSQL数据库服务器的相应的参数

11.1修改pg_hba.conf

vim /opt/postgres/9.6/data/pg_hba.conf
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在IPV4中添加下面那一行内容

# IPv4 local connections:host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trusthost    all             all             0.0.0.0/0                   md5#表示允许任意网段的任意机器通过密码验证的方式访问到该数据库
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重新加载postgresql配置文件（可选）：

su - postgrespg_ctl reload
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11.2修改postgresql.conf

vim /opt/postgres/9.6/data/postgresql.conf
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定位到listen_addresses，并将localhost改为*

listen_addresses = '*'           # what IP address(es) to listen on;
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注：修改完配置后需要重新启动postgresql远程连接才能生效 
至此，postgresql的安装和配置已经全部完成