32. Longest Valid Parentheses

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Given a string containing just the characters ‘(’ and ‘)’, find the length of the longest valid (well-formed) parentheses substring.

For “(()”, the longest valid parentheses substring is “()”, which has length = 2.

Another example is “)()())”, where the longest valid parentheses substring is “()()”, which has length = 4.

思路1:stack
我们还是借助栈来求解,需要定义个start变量来记录合法括号串的起始位置,我们遍历字符串,如果遇到左括号,则将当前下标压入栈,如果遇到右括号,如果当前栈为空,则将下一个坐标位置记录到start,如果栈不为空,则将栈顶元素取出,此时若栈为空,则更新结果和i - start + 1中的较大值,否则更新结果和i - 栈顶元素中的较大值,代码如下:

class Solution {public:    int longestValidParentheses(string s) {        int res = 0, start = 0;        stack<int> m;        for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {            if(s[i] == '(')                 m.push(i);            else {                if(m.empty())                     start = i+1;                else {                    m.pop();                    if(m.empty())                        res = max(res, i - start + 1);                    else                        res = max(res, i - m.top());                }            }        }        return res;    }};

思路2:DP
求极值问题一般想到DP或Greedy,显然Greedy在这里不太适用,只有用DP了。

  1. 状态:
    DP[i]:以s[i]为结尾的longest valid parentheses substring的长度。

  2. 通项公式:
    s[i] = ‘(‘:
    DP[i] = 0

s[i] = ‘)’:找i前一个字符的最长括号串DP[i]的前一个字符j = i-1-DP[i-1]
DP[i] = DP[i-1] + 2 + DP[j-1],如果j >=0,且s[j] = ‘(’
DP[i] = 0,如果j<0,或s[j] = ‘)’

  1. 计算方向
    显然自左向右,且DP[0] = 0
class Solution {public:    int longestValidParentheses(string s) {        int n = s.size(), res = 0;        vector<int> dp(n, 0);        for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {            int j = i-1-dp[i-1];            if(s[i] == '(' || j < 0 || s[j] == ')')                dp[i] = 0;            else {                dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[j-1] + 2;                res = max(res, dp[i]);            }        }        return res;    }};