反射如何破坏单例模式

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一个单例类:

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public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();  
 
    private Singleton() {}
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}
 

通过反射破坏单例模式:

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public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Singleton s1 = Singleton.getInstance();
 
        Constructor<Singleton> constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        Singleton s2 = constructor.newInstance();
 
        System.out.println(s1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(s2.hashCode());
 
    }
}

  

输出结果:
671631440

935563443

结果表明s1和s2是两个不同的实例了。

通过反射获得单例类的构造函数,由于该构造函数是private的,通过setAccessible(true)指示反射的对象在使用时应该取消 Java 语言访问检查,使得私有的构造函数能够被访问,这样使得单例模式失效。

 

如果要抵御这种攻击,要防止构造函数被成功调用两次。需要在构造函数中对实例化次数进行统计,大于一次就抛出异常。

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public class Singleton {
    private static int count = 0;
 
    private static Singleton instance = null;
 
    private Singleton(){
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {
            if(count > 0){
                throw new RuntimeException("创建了两个实例");
            }
            count++;
        }
 
    }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if(instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        Constructor<Singleton> constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        Singleton s1 = constructor.newInstance();
        Singleton s2 = constructor.newInstance();
    }
 
}
执行结果:
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Exception in thread"main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at com.yzz.reflect.Singleton.main(Singleton.java:33)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: 创建了两个实例
    at com.yzz.reflect.Singleton.<init>(Singleton.java:14)
    ...5 more
在通过反射创建第二个实例时抛出异常,防止实例化多个对象。构造函数中的synchronized是为了防止多线程情况下实例化多个对象。