关于websocket的学习两个Demo
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本次学习websocket主要是用来做实时推送。暂先学习，以便后面用到，这里提供两个简单的Demo，都是建立在Maven基础上的项目，来源于网上资料，经过自己的调式后都可以正常运行的，至于websocket的基本知识的讲解，可以先去w3c或者是IBM的网站上找一下相关的资料，这两个网站上讲的比较通俗易懂。
第一个Demo（基本的讲解都在这个Demo中）:
本地文件Eclipse–>GasWebSocket
pom的依赖如下：
<dependencies> <!-- socketJs start --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.8.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.8.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId> <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId> <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- socketJs end --> <!-- spring start --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end --> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>GasWebSocket</finalName> <!-- 配置Maven对resource文件的过滤 --> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.java</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/webapp</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.css</include> <include>**/*.html</include> <include>**/*.js</include> <include>**/*.jpg</include> <include>**/*.jsp</include> <include>**/*.ttf</include> <include>**/*.woff</include> <include>**/*.woff2</include> <include>**/*.svg</include> <include>**/*.eot</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>后台的代码如下：
package com.hhu.websocket;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import javax.websocket.OnClose;import javax.websocket.OnError;import javax.websocket.OnMessage;import javax.websocket.OnOpen;import javax.websocket.RemoteEndpoint;import javax.websocket.Session;import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;/** * 在tomcat7中存在WebSocketServlet类（但已经过时），在tomcat8中彻底删除 * 此处使用@ServerEndpoint注解，主要是将目前的类定义成一个websocket服务器端点 * 注解的值将被用于监听用户连接的终端访问URL地址,即前台请求后台的地址 */ @ServerEndpoint("/getServer") public class SocketServer{ /** * 当一个新用户连接时所调用的方法 * 该方法可能包含一个javax.websocket.Session可选参数 * 如果有这个参数，容器将会把当前发送消息客户端的连接Session注入进去 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException */ @OnOpen public void onOpen(Session session) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { //用于向客户端链接时向客户端发送信息载体 final RemoteEndpoint.Basic basic = session.getBasicRemote(); //这里建立连接的时候前台请求链接时候所带的参数 System.out.println("pathParams:"+session.getPathParameters()); System.out.println("requestParams"+session.getRequestParameterMap()); try { basic.sendText("成功链接服务器"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Thread t1=new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.currentThread(); Thread.sleep(8000);//线程睡眠8s basic.sendText("服务器：我是服务器"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); t1.start(); } /** * 客户端接收到服务端数据时触发 * @param relationId * @param userCode * @param message * @return */ @OnMessage public String onMessage(Session session,String message) { System.out.println("pathParams:"+session.getPathParameters()); System.out.println("requestParams"+session.getRequestParameterMap()); return "服务器：客户端我收到你的信息了，你发了“"+message + "”"; } /** * 通信发生错误时触发 * @param relationId * @param userCode * @param session */ @OnError public void onError(Throwable throwable,Session session) { System.out.println("pathParams:"+session.getPathParameters()); System.out.println("requestParams"+session.getRequestParameterMap()); System.out.print("发生错误了："+throwable.getMessage()); } /** * 关闭连接时触发 * @param relationId * @param userCode * @param session */ @OnClose public void onClose(Session session) { System.out.println("pathParams:"+session.getPathParameters()); System.out.println("requestParams"+session.getRequestParameterMap()); System.out.print("链接关闭 "); } } 前台的页面：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); //这里普通websocket建立连接的时候前缀用ws作为前缀，如果需要ssl加密，则需要用wss String socPath="ws://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>websocketIndex</title> <script type="text/javascript"> //这里的请求的url就是前面用@ServerEndPoint注释的映射地址 var wsuri = "<%=socPath%>getServer?'参数1'&'参数2'"; var ws = null; function startWebSocket() { if ('WebSocket' in window) //创建WebSocket对象：var Socket = new WebSocket(url, [protocol])，第二个参数 protocol 是可选的，指定了可接受的子协议 alert("您当前使用的浏览器支持WebSocket!"); ws = new WebSocket(wsuri); else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) ws = new MozWebSocket(wsuri); else console.error("not support WebSocket!"); //获取消息事件 ws.onmessage = function(evt) { alert(evt.data); console.info(evt); }; //关闭websocket ws.onclose = function(evt) { alert("链接关闭"); console.info(evt); }; //打开链接 ws.onopen = function(evt) { alert("正在尝试链接服务器"); console.info(evt); }; }; init(); function init(){ startWebSocket(); }; //发送消息 function sendMsg(){ //Socket.send()使用链接发送数据；Socket.close()关闭链接 ws.send(document.getElementById('writeMsg').value); } </script> </head> <body> <input type="text" id="writeMsg"/> <input type="button" value="发送" onclick="sendMsg()"/> <br> <span> 等待8s，你将收到服务端的发送的消息 </span> </body> </html> 第二个Demo(将Websocket整合到SSM中)
Eclipse—>JavaWebSocket
pom的依赖文件如下：注意这里的Spring一定要是4.0以上才能支持websocket！
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>7.0</version> </dependency> <!-- spring核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>web.xml中的配置要配置Spring的文件地址和Spring相关的监听器：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener></web-app>Spring的配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <bean name="monitor" class="Monitor" lazy-init="false" init-method="sendMsg"></bean> </beans>后台时间监视器的代码：
import com.uptop.websocket.WebSocketTest;import java.util.Date;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class Monitor implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { WebSocketTest webSocketTest = new WebSocketTest(); webSocketTest.sendMsg("当前时间:" + new Date()); } public void sendMsg() { ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(); newScheduledThreadPool.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Monitor(), 20, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); }}websocket的服务类：
package com.uptop.websocket;import javax.websocket.*;import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;/** * @ServerEndpoint 注解是一个类层次的注解，它的功能主要是将目前的类定义成一个websocket服务器端, * 注解的值将被用于监听用户连接的终端访问URL地址,客户端可以通过这个URL来连接到WebSocket服务器端 * @author uptop */@ServerEndpoint("/websocket")public class WebSocketTest { //静态变量，用来记录当前在线连接数。应该把它设计成线程安全的。 private static int onlineCount = 0; //concurrent包的线程安全Set，用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象。若要实现服务端与单一客户端通信的话，可以使用Map来存放，其中Key可以为用户标识 public static CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketTest> webSocketSet = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketTest>(); //与某个客户端的连接会话，需要通过它来给客户端发送数据 private Session session; /** * 连接建立成功调用的方法 * * @param session 可选的参数。session为与某个客户端的连接会话，需要通过它来给客户端发送数据 */ @OnOpen public void onOpen(Session session) { this.session = session; webSocketSet.add(this); //加入set中 addOnlineCount(); //在线数加1 System.out.println("有新连接加入！当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount()); } /** * 连接关闭调用的方法 */ @OnClose public void onClose() { webSocketSet.remove(this); //从set中删除 subOnlineCount(); //在线数减1 System.out.println("有一连接关闭！当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount()); } /** * 收到客户端消息后调用的方法 * * @param message 客户端发送过来的消息 * @param session 可选的参数 */ @OnMessage public void onMessage(String message, Session session) { System.out.println("来自客户端的消息:" + message); //群发消息 for (WebSocketTest item : webSocketSet) { try { item.sendMessage(message); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); continue; } } } /** * 发生错误时调用 * * @param session * @param error */ @OnError public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) { System.out.println("发生错误"); error.printStackTrace(); } /** * 这个方法与上面几个方法不一样。没有用注解，是根据自己需要添加的方法。 * * @param message * @throws IOException */ public void sendMessage(String message) throws IOException { this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message); } public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() { return onlineCount; } public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() { WebSocketTest.onlineCount++; } public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() { WebSocketTest.onlineCount--; } public void sendMsg(String msg) { for (WebSocketTest item : webSocketSet) { try { item.sendMessage(msg); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); continue; } } }}最后是前台页面：
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %><!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <title>index Page</title></head><body> Welcome<br/><input id="text" type="text"/> <button onclick="send()">发送消息</button> <hr/> <button onclick="closeWebSocket()">关闭WebSocket连接</button> <hr/> <div id="message"></div> <table id="tb" class="altrowstable"> <th align="center" colspan="9">实时信息监控</th> </table></body><script type="text/javascript"> var websocket = null; //判断当前浏览器是否支持WebSocket if ('WebSocket' in window) { websocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/JavaWebSocket/websocket"); } else { alert('当前浏览器 Not support websocket') } //连接发生错误的回调方法 websocket.onerror = function () { setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket连接发生错误"); }; //连接成功建立的回调方法 websocket.onopen = function () { setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket连接成功"); } //接收到消息的回调方法 websocket.onmessage = function (event) { setMessageInnerHTML(event.data); } //连接关闭的回调方法 websocket.onclose = function () { setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket连接关闭"); } //监听窗口关闭事件，当窗口关闭时，主动去关闭websocket连接，防止连接还没断开就关闭窗口，server端会抛异常。 window.onbeforeunload = function () { closeWebSocket(); } //将消息显示在网页上 function setMessageInnerHTML(innerHTML) { var msg=innerHTML.split(" - ") var table=document.getElementById("tb"); var row; row=table.insertRow(1); for(var i=0;i<msg.length;i++){ var cell = row.insertCell(i); cell.appendChild(document.createTextNode(msg[i])); } if(table.rows.length>50){ table.deleteRow(table.rows.length-1); } // document.getElementById('message').innerHTML += innerHTML + '<br/>'; } //关闭WebSocket连接 function closeWebSocket() { websocket.close(); } //发送消息 function send() { var message = document.getElementById('text').value; websocket.send(message); }</script></html>阅读全文
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