python3 [爬虫入门实战]爬虫之scrapy爬取织梦者网站并存mongoDB

主要爬取了编程栏目里的其他编程里的36638条数据

过程是自己一步一步的往下写的，有不懂的也是一边找笔记，一边百度，一边调试。

---

遗憾：没有进行多栏目数据的爬取，只爬了一个栏目的数据，希望有想法的有钻研精神的可以自己去尝试爬取一下，难度应该不会很大。

给一张效果图：

爬取字段：标题，标题链接，标题描述，发布时间，发布类型，发布tag

爬取方式：主要是获取div【pull-left ltxt w658】下的内容，这个div还是有点复杂的？对于我而言吧。调试了多次，

需要爬取的内容都在上面图片标记着了，

先上items里面的代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define here the models for your scraped items## See documentation in:# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass MakedreamItem(scrapy.Item):    # define the fields for your item here like:    # name = scrapy.Field()    # 文章标题    articleTitle = scrapy.Field()    # 文章标题url    articleUrl = scrapy.Field()    # 文章描述    articleDesc = scrapy.Field()    # 文章发布时间    articlePublic = scrapy.Field()    # 文章类型    articleType = scrapy.Field()    # 文章标签    articleTag = scrapy.Field()    # pass

没毛病，我们继续接着上spider里面的代码，瞧仔细了。

# encoding=utf8import scrapyfrom makedream.items import MakedreamItemclass DramingNet(scrapy.Spider):    # 启动爬虫的名称    name = 'draming'    # 爬虫的域范围    allowed_domains = ['zhimengzhe.com']    # 爬虫的第一个url    start_urls = ['http://www.zhimengzhe.com/bianchengjiaocheng/qitabiancheng/index_{}.html'.format(n) for n in                  range(0, 1466)]    # 爬取结果解析    def parse(self, response):        base_url = 'http://www.zhimengzhe.com'        # print(response.body)        node_list = response.xpath("//ul[@class='list-unstyled list-article']/li")        for node in node_list:            item = MakedreamItem()            nextNode = node.xpath("./div[@class='pull-left ltxt w658']")            print('*' * 30)            title = nextNode.xpath('./h3/a/text()').extract()            link = nextNode.xpath('./h3/a/@href').extract()            desc = nextNode.xpath('./p/text()').extract()            # 创建时间，类型，标签            publicTime = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[1]/text()").extract()            publicType = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[2]/a/text()").extract()            publicTag = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[3]/a/text()").extract()            # node            titleLink = base_url + ''.join(link)            item['articleTitle'] = title            # 文章标题url            item['articleUrl'] = titleLink            # 文章描述            item['articleDesc'] = desc            # 文章发布时间            item['articlePublic'] = publicTime            # 文章类型            item['articleType'] = publicType            # 文章标签            item['articleTag'] = publicTag            yield item

虽然我这次能成功爬取出来字段，不代表以后也一直可以通用，大家要学会灵活一下， 难道不是嘛。/kb

下载文件里面的我分别写了份存入mongodb 和 存入json文件里面的， mongodb的配置不是很难哦。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlimport jsonimport pymongofrom scrapy.conf import settingsclass MakedreamPipeline(object):    def process_item(self, item, spider):        return itemclass DreamMongo(object):    def __init__(self):        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=settings['MONGO_HOST'], port=settings['MONGO_PORT'])        self.db = self.client[settings['MONGO_DB']]        self.post = self.db[settings['MONGO_COLL']]    def process_item(self, item, spider):        postItem = dict(item)        self.post.insert(postItem)        return item# 写入json文件类class JsonWritePipeline(object):    def __init__(self):        self.file = open('织梦网其他编程.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')    def process_item(self, item, spider):        line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"        self.file.write(line)        return item    def spider_closed(self, spider):        self.file.close()

注意这里的settings的导入。

接下来我们看看settings里面的东西：
主要是mongodb的东东吧，

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Scrapy settings for makedream project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:##     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'makedream'SPIDER_MODULES = ['makedream.spiders']NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'makedream.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent#USER_AGENT = 'makedream (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# 配置mongoDBMONGO_HOST = "127.0.0.1"  # 主机IPMONGO_PORT = 27017  # 端口号MONGO_DB = "DreamDB"  # 库名MONGO_COLL = "Dream_info"  # collection# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docs#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',#   'Accept-Language': 'en',#}# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {#    'makedream.middlewares.MakedreamSpiderMiddleware': 543,#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {#    'makedream.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,#}# Enable or disable extensions# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = {   # 'makedream.pipelines.MakedreamPipeline': 300,    'makedream.pipelines.JsonWritePipeline':300,    'makedream.pipelines.DreamMongo':300}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

接下来就是快到大结局了：

在当前项目下输入：scrapy crawl draming（爬虫名称） 就可以了。然后你就可以去看数据库，或者看到一个json文件的生成了。

给大伙瞧一下数据库。

接下来是：根据别人的教程深入学习一下scrap进行全站的抓取吧，感觉这个难度还是要有的，（包括一些cookie，代理ip，user-agent的学习）