Docker for MacOS
来源：互联网 发布：安居客端口多少钱 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/06/02 00:19
- 安装可以直接在 github 上找到 installer, 当前 version 1.8
- 本博客参考书主要为 Docker基础与实战, 并结合网上的常见问题以及解决方案.
,
基本操作
检查版本
bash-3.2$ docker versionClient: Version: 1.8.0 API version: 1.20 Go version: go1.4.2 Git commit: XXXXXX Built: Tue Aug 11 17:17:40 UTC 2015 OS/Arch: darwin/amd64Server: Version: 1.8.0 API version: 1.20 Go version: go1.4.2XXXX使用 search 命令搜索镜像
bash-3.2$ docker search ubuntuNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 6276 [OK] rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 91 [OK]ubuntu-upstart Upstart is an event-based replacement for ... 74 [OK] neurodebian NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research... 37 [OK] 32bit/ubuntu Ubuntu for i386 (32bit) 30 ...使用 pull 命令下载 Ubuntu Linux 镜像
bash-3.2$ docker pull ubuntu:latest latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu02658b5e0e10: Pull complete 5a70b1a02339: Pull complete 0f89582aebaa: Pull complete ffa5309fe008: Pull complete 7510bd34aee9: Pull complete dc8dd8718e57: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8e6b67faf44a036a18b9a3987e826fe3accbd1742e219145a461a3210a9d8142Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest使用 images 命令列出镜像目录
bash-3.2$docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 3 weeks ago 119.2 MBhello-world latest f054dc87ed76 4 weeks ago 1.84 kB使用 run 命令创建一个容器进入系统
bash-3.2$ docker run -i -t --name hello ubuntu /bin/bash root@81bbf07ca806:/# lsbin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr varroot@81bbf07ca806:/# exitexit使用 ps 命令查看容器列表
bash-3.2$ docker ps # 查看活跃的CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 16 minutes ubuntubash-3.2$ docker ps -a # 查看所有的CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 16 minutes ubuntub4c7ba6a7bf7 hello-world "/hello" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 minutes ago desperate_stallman35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 minutes ago cranky_pasteur使用 stop 和 start 命令关闭和启动容器
bash-3.2$ docker stop ubuntuubuntubash-3.2$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserverbash-3.2$ docker start ubuntuubuntubash-3.2$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 32 minutes ago Up 3 seconds ubuntubash-3.2$ 使用 attach 命令连接容器
bash-3.2$ docker start ubuntuubuntubash-3.2$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 37 minutes ago Up 5 seconds ubuntubash-3.2$ docker attach ubunturoot@81bbf07ca806:/# lsbin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr varroot@81bbf07ca806:/# exitexit使用 exec 命令从外部运行容器内的命令
- 当前容器正以/bin/bash 形式处于运行状态,也可以不通过/bin/bash 而从外部运行容器内的命令
bash-3.2$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESbash-3.2$ docker exec ubuntu echo "Hello ubuntu"Error response from daemon: Container ubuntu is not runningbash-3.2$ docker start ubuntu # 必须处于运行状态ubuntubash-3.2$ docker exec ubuntu echo "Hello ubuntu"Hello ubuntu比较有用的,
attach方式有比较大的局限性，如果容器中有程序正在执行，通过docker attach进入之后是不能执行操作的，而且一个终端退出之后整个container就终止了。所以还是直接用 exec吧, ^_^.
bash-3.2$ docker ps | awk '{print $1, $2, $3, $4}'CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND80b67ff7a440 hello:0.1 "nginx" Aboutbash-3.2$ docker exec -i -t 80b67ff7a440 bashroot@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx# lsconf.d fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params koi-utf koi-win mime.types nginx.conf proxy_params scgi_params site-enable sites-available sites-enabled snippets uwsgi_params win-utfroot@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx#参数说明:
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]Run a command in a running container -d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background --detach-keys Specify the escape key sequence used to detach a container --help Print usage -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached --privileged Give extended Linux capabilities to the command -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY -u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])bash-3.2$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES80b67ff7a440 hello:0.1 "nginx" About an hour ago Up 3 seconds 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp hello-nginx使用 rm 命令删除容器
bash-3.2$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Up About a minute ubuntub4c7ba6a7bf7 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago desperate_stallman35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago cranky_pasteurbash-3.2$ docker rm b4c7ba6a7bf7b4c7ba6a7bf7bash-3.2$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Up About a minute ubuntu35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago cranky_pasteur使用 rmi 命令删除镜像 (容器和镜像的关联)
bash-3.2$ docker rmi hello-worldError response from daemon: Conflict, cannot delete f054dc87ed76 because the container 35ca3df8f038 is using it, use -f to forceError: failed to remove images: [hello-world]bash-3.2$ docker rmi -f hello-worldUntagged: hello-world:latestDeleted: f054dc87ed76d853247ffefeaeac52ccbb07d1444949ca324d04365b29c94323Deleted: fc882b159a63d6da4646a4c54194c32fad6c9b682655993c5c39ac021c0fd367bash-3.2$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEnginx latest 7b5ba97f8d15 6 days ago 107.5 MBubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 3 weeks ago 119.2 MBbash-3.2$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 46 minutes ago Up 3 minutes ubuntu35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 57 minutes ago Exited (0) 57 minutes ago cranky_pasteurbash-3.2$ docker start 35ca3df8f038Error response from daemon: Cannot start container 35ca3df8f038: Error getting container 35ca3df8f038f1d1d0139e72e299b9cd9497b3f0c166d627aae1f9f018d1c68b from driver aufs: error creating aufs mount to /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/35ca3df8f038f1d1d0139e72e299b9cd9497b3f0c166d627aae1f9f018d1c68b: invalid argumentError: failed to start containers: [35ca3df8f038]bash-3.2$ docker rm 35ca3df8f03835ca3df8f038bash-3.2$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 38 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago webserver81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 48 minutes ago Up 5 minutes ubuntubash-3.2$ 创建 Docker 镜像
Bash 指令
- $() 将命令的执行结果量化
bash-3.2$ echo $(date)Tue Jul 18 16:01:03 CST 2017- ${} 变量替换
$str ="World"$echo "Hello ${str}"Hello World也用于脚本中设置默认值, 下列示例中,若有 HELLO 变量,则直接使用,否则代入默认值 abcd
$HELLO=$HELLO=${HeLLO-"abcd"}$echo $HELLO由于已经有值为 NULL 的 HELLO 变量,故不会代入默认值.
下列示例中,若变量中有值,则直接使用,若值为 NULL, 则代入默认值 abcd
$HELLO=$HELLO=${HeLLO:-"abcd"}$echo $HELLOabcd由于变量值为 NULL ,故代入默认值.
- if
if [$a -eq $b]; then echo $afi- for
for i in $(ls)do echo $idonefor ((i=0;i<10;++i))do echo $idoneNUM=(1 2 3)for i in ${NUM[@]}do echo $idone编写 Dockerfile
- Dockerfile 是 Docker镜像设置文件. Dockerfile中设置的内容会用于创建镜像
- 创建并转移到 example 目录
$mkdir example$cd example将如下文件保存为 Dockerfile 文件
FROM ubuntu:latestMAINTAINER Foo Bar <foo@bar.com>RUN apt-get updateRUN apt-get install -y nginxRUN echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.confRUN chmod -R 777 /var/lib/nginxVOLUME ["/data", "/etc/nginx/site-enable", "/var/log/nginx"]WORKDIR /etc/nginxCMD ["nginx"]EXPOSE 80EXPOSE 443上述示例基于 Ubuntu 最新版本创建 Docker 镜像,且安装 nginx 服务器
参数说明:
FROM:指定基于的基础镜像. Docker 镜像基于已创建的镜像.指令格式为<镜像名称>:<标签>
MAINTAINER: 维护者信息
RUN : 运行 shell 脚本
>> VOLUME:要与主机共享的目录.也可以在 docker run 命令中使用-v选项进行设置(后面会出现).
CMD:指定容器启动时执行的文件或 shell 脚本.
WORKDIR: 为 CMD中的可执行文件设置运行目录
EXPOSE:与主机相连的端口号
使用 build 命令创建镜像
bash-3.2$ cd example/bash-3.2$ lsDockerfilebash-3.2$ docker build --tag hello:0.1 . # 最后一个. 表示路径Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kBStep 0 : FROM ubuntu:latest ---> dc8dd8718e57Step 1 : MAINTAINER Foo Bar <foo@bar.com> ---> Using cache ---> a5741076e53dStep 2 : RUN echo -e "begin to build" ---> Using cache ---> 14d3a847a112Step 3 : RUN apt-get update ---> Using cache ---> 674165c71560Step 4 : RUN apt-get install -y nginx...Removing intermediate container 50bc5e7e0ec7Successfully built 04147bc0060fbash-3.2$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEhello 0.1 04147bc0060f 59 seconds ago 214.3 MBnginx latest 7b5ba97f8d15 6 days ago 107.5 MBubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 3 weeks ago 119.2 MBbash-3.2$ 至此, hello:0.1 镜像已经创建,下面尝试运行
bash-3.2$ mkdir macDatabash-3.2$ docker run --name hello-nginx -d -p 8080:80 -v ~/macData:/data hello:0.180b67ff7a44091ce1c79914a40c2736a6fae63ddb8d42499a557da6d180c40b4bash-3.2$ 参数说明:
-d选项在后台运行容器
-p 8080:80 选项将主机的8080号端口与容器的80号端口连接起来,并暴露给外部.这样设置后,连接 http:<主机 IP>:8080就可以连接到容器的80号端口
-v ~/macData:/data 选项将主机的~/macData目录连接到容器的/ data 目录.若将文件放入~/macData目录,则能从容器读取相应文件.
bash-3.2$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES80b67ff7a440 hello:0.1 "nginx" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp hello-nginx
一开始总是出不来,以为配置出错了,检查了好多遍还是没作用,后来在
极客学院找到了解决方案,是因为 docker_host 的主机 ip 不是127.0.0.1, 应该使用 boot2docker 虚拟机的 ip 来访问(如果是 linux 的系统可能会由于没有安装boot2docker虚拟机, IP 就是localhost).
bash-3.2$ boot2docker ip192.168.59.103然后使用 192.168.59.103 作为 ip 来访问即可.
OK.
查看 Docker
分清镜像和容器,
hello:0.1==镜像 - - - - > run - - - - > hello-nginx == 容器
hello-nginx == 容器 - - - - > commit - - - - > hello:0.2==镜像
使用 history命令查看镜像历史
bash-3.2$ docker history hello:0.1IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT04147bc0060f 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo -e "\nBUILD OK." 0 B 175bd963d3ce 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 443/tcp 0 B 010962f92677 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp 0 B d040b08abba1 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx"] 0 B 5626faf4ad82 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /etc/nginx 0 B 1313be469632 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/data /etc/nginx/si 0 B ce55d8eeb168 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c chmod -R 777 /var/lib/nginx 0 B 5eee21f14ebe 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx 1.475 kB 5a32862e5c34 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c apt-get install -y nginx 56.53 MB 674165c71560 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update 38.64 MB 14d3a847a112 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo -e "begin to build" 0 B a5741076e53d 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Foo Bar <foo@bar 0 B dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B 7510bd34aee9 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'doc 7 B ffa5309fe008 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c sed -i 's/^#\s*\(deb.*universe\)$/ 2.759 kB 0f89582aebaa 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* 0 B 5a70b1a02339 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /u 745 B 02658b5e0e10 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:c251a21fbe3a651352 119.2 MB bash-3.2$ 使用 cp 命令复制文件
docker cp <容器名称>:<路径> <主机路径>
和 scp 很像的
bash-3.2$ docker cp hello-nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ./bash-3.2$ lsApplications Documents Library Music Pictures VirtualBox VMs learngit nginx.confDesktop Downloads Movies MyJabberFiles Public example macData testbash-3.2$ ls | grep nginx.confnginx.conf使用 commit 命令从容器的修改中创建镜像
- 试试新装一个 python3
bash-3.2$ docker exec -it hello-nginx bashroot@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx# apt-get install python3Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following additional packages will be installed: dh-python file libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.5-minimal libpython3.5-stdlib libsqlite3-0 mime-support python3-minimal python3.5 python3.5-minimalSuggested packages: libdpkg-perl python3-doc python3-tk python3-venv python3.5-venv python3.5-doc binutils binfmt-supportThe following NEW packages will be installed: dh-python file libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.5-minimal libpython3.5-stdlib libsqlite3-0 mime-support python3 python3-minimal python3.5 python3.5-minimal0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 10 not upgraded.Need to get 5278 kB of archives.After this operation, 29.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] yGet:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libpython3.5-minimal amd64 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1 [526 kB]root@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx# exit- 容器内新加了 python3, 现在使用 commit 创建新的镜像
可以使用docker diff hello-nginx查看文件修改 - 镜像名称 hello:0.2, 然后正常使用 run 创建容器,一切都是这么自然.感觉和git 很像啊.
bash-3.2$ docker commit -a "Foo Bar <foo@bar.com>" -m "add python3" hello-nginx hello:0.236d837ee87cc95b79c35aa3343edc3adbe7888769ef030eb07333eef3e9e5f2ebash-3.2$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEhello 0.2 36d837ee87cc 11 seconds ago 251 MBhello 0.1 04147bc0060f 19 hours ago 214.3 MBubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MBbash-3.2$ docker run --name hello-python3 -d -p 82:80 hello:0.2e8127484c447db55223a255c451a5f7e635fdf12e83781d93058cf812e5914afbash-3.2$ docker exec -it hello-python3 bash''root@e8127484c447:/etc/nginx# python3Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> print("hello,python3")hello,python3>>>访问主机82端口也是正常的.
使用 inspect 命令查看详细信息
- 返回json 格式数据
bash-3.2$ docker inspect 80b67ff7a440[{ "Id": "80b67ff7a44091ce1c79914a40c2736a6fae63ddb8d42499a557da6d180c40b4", "Created": "2017-07-19T01:26:29.362419085Z", "Path": "nginx", "Args": [], "State": { "Running": false, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 0, ...}]灵活使用 Docker
- 该部分搞不懂啊,才说了 git 差不多,但是怎么烦,先按书上讲的走一次流程吧
私有仓库
bash-3.2$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name hello-registry -v ~/registry:/tmp/registry registryd56699303f7f3cfc90cf0aae494297b4208d98443bd341ac958d436c701279c8bash-3.2$ docker tag hello:0.1 localhost:5000/hello:0.1bash-3.2$ docker push localhost:5000/hello:0.1bash-3.2$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEhello 0.2 9138326c41e2 56 minutes ago 251 MBhello 0.1 04147bc0060f 23 hours ago 214.3 MBlocalhost:5000/hello 0.1 04147bc0060f 23 hours ago 214.3 MBregistry latest dd399a13752f 2 weeks ago 33.2 MBubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MB但是 ~/registry 目录为空,我也不知怎么回事,感觉加入仓库应该有文件啊,搞不懂????
bash-3.2$ tree registry/registry/0 directories, 0 files存储镜像数据到 Amazon S3
bash-3.2$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name s3-registry -e SETTINGS_FLAVOR=s3 -e AWS_BUCKET=examplebucket10 -e STOPAGE_PATH=/registry -e AWS_KEY=AKIABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ -e AWS_SECRET=sF4321ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPqrstuvwxyz21345Afc registry1bb079f113f0d5b4accc88e5a54351a69c4784690d0a1b3efec67c52491a3e43使用默认认证
etc/hosts 追加
#add for docker registry192.168.59.103 registry.example.com- 创建私钥密码
openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048- 创建证书签名申请
- 创建服务器证书文件
root# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crtSignature oksubject=/C=KO/ST=Some-State/L=Seoul/O=Example Company/OU=Example Company/CN=registry.example.com/emailAddress=exampleuser@example.comGetting Private key- 将 server.crt证书文件安装到系统
...- 不将证书安装到系统
先跳过这一章了, 看看怎么从官方的仓库来拉镜像
详细了解 Dockerfile
- 命令不区分大小写,一般采用大写;
- # 是注释
- 顺序执行
- 命令总是从 From开始,若无 From 命令或者 From 之前有其他命令命令,则无法创建镜像
要在 Dockerfile所在的目录使用 docker build命令
- 若想把镜像上传到 Docker Hub,只要在/之前添加用户名即可
$docker build --tag example .$docket build -t username/imagename ..dockerignore
- 所有位于 Dockerfile目录下的文件都称为”上下文”(context).特别是在创建镜像时,由于所有上下文都会传送 Docker守护进程.
- 需要从上下文忽略某些文件时,只要采用.dockerignore文件即可.Docker 采用 Go语言编写,文件匹配也遵循 Go 语言规则
example/hello.txtexample/*.cppwo**.cpp.git.svn忽略上述路径下的满足匹配的文件.
From
- From <镜像> 或者 FROM<镜像>:<标签>
- 默认 latest 标签
FROM ubuntnFROM ubuntu:14.04MAINTAINER
- MAINTAINER<创建者信息> 可省略
RUN
RUN用于在 FROM中设置的镜像上运行脚本或命令, RUN的运行结果会生成新的镜像,运行的详细信息会纪录到镜像历史(history)
使用 shell(bash/sh)运行命令
RUN apt-get insatll -y nginxRUN echo "hello DOcker" > /temp/hello无 shell 直接运行
- 使用格式为 RUN[“<可执行文件>”, “<形式参数1>”, “<形式参数2>”, …].
RUN ["apt-get", "install", "-y", "gcc"]RUN ["/user/local/bin/hello", "--help"]CMD && ENTRYPOINT
- CMD 和 RUN 差不多
- ENTRYPOINT 用于设置容器启动时运行的脚本或命令, 即使用 docker run 命令创建容器或使用 docker start 命令启动停止的容器时执行, 如果每次启动执行,可以考虑加入 welcome 之类的标志开机啦.(但是我的测试ENTRYPOINT并没有每次 start 都运行)
EXPOSE
- EXPOSE 用于设置与主机相连的端口号
EXPOSE 80EXPOSE 443===#一行搞定
EXPOSE 80 443ENV
- ENV用于设置环境变量.使用 ENV 设置的环境变量应用于 RUN, CMD, ENTRYPOINT.
- 使用格式 ENV <环境变量> <值>
ENV GOPATH /go>Dockerfile
ENV HELLO 1234CMD echo $HELLO创建 Dockfile,使用 docker run 命令运行
1234但是我的测试, 有点例外
> Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:latestMAINTAINER icesongqiangRUN echo -e "begin to build"RUN apt-get updateRUN ["apt-get", "install", "-y", "gcc"]CMD ["apt-get", "install", "-y", "python3"]EXPOSE 80 443RUN echo -e "\nBUILD OK."ENV author icesongqiangCMD echo "cmd" $author ENTRYPOINT echo "entrypoint" $authorbash-3.2$docker build -t icesongqiang/docker-test .Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kBStep 0 : M Unknown instruction: Mbash-3.2$ vi Dockerfilebash-3.2$ docker build -t icesongqiang/docker-test .Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kBStep 0 : FROM ubuntu:latest ---> dc8dd8718e57Step 1 : MAINTAINER icesongqiang ---> Running in 71bf3917c5bb ---> c570c14320d2bash-3.2$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEicesongqiang/docker-test latest 6187194a41e1 15 hours ago 256.1 MBicesongqiang/hello-nginx-gcc latest a74121a1faf7 15 hours ago 312.7 MBbash-3.2$ docker run --name test icesongqiang/docker-test# cmd 未执行??entrypoint icesongqiangbash-3.2$ docker stop testtestbash-3.2$ docker start testtestbash-3.2$ docker start -i test #使用-i entrypoint打印entrypoint icesongqiangADD && COPY
- ADD /COPY <要复制文件的路径> < 文件在镜像中的路径>
ADD hello-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.shADD hello.zip /ADD http://example.com/hello.txt /hello.txtADD *.txt /root/- COPY 用于添加压缩文件时,不会解压缩; 也不能使用文件 URL
VOLUME
- 将目录下的内容存储到主机而非容器
- VOLUME[“容器目录1”, “容器目录2”, …]
VOLUME /dataVOLUME ["/data", "/var/log/hello"]若想连接数据卷与主机的特定目录,则必须在 docker run命令中使用-v选项.
- 选项格式 -v <主机目录>:<容器目录>
docker run -v ~/macdata:/root/dataUSER, WORKDIR
ONBUILB
- 将当前镜像作为基础镜像创建其他镜像时,ONBUILD 指定用于设置一些要触发(trigger)的操作.ONBUILD指定的命令在构建时并不执行,而是在其子镜像中执行.换言之,ONBUILD中定义的指令会用于其他镜像的 Dockerfile文件的 FROM 指令之后开始执行.
- ONBUILD 不会继承
ONBUILD RUN touch /hello.txt使用 Docker部署应用程序
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