c++ winpcap开发(7)

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处理离线转储文件

在这个课程中,我们将学习如何处理数据包捕获到一个文件(转储到文件)。WinPcap提供广泛的功能来将文件的网络流量保存到文件并读取转储的内容 - 本课将介绍如何使用所有这些功能。我们还将了解如何使用WinPcap的内核转储功能来获取高性能转储(注意:由于新内核缓冲区存在一些问题,此功能已禁用)。

转储文件的格式是libpcap格式。该格式包含二进制形式的捕获数据包的数据,是许多网络工具(包括WinDump,Ethereal和Snort)使用的标准。

将数据包保存到转储文件

首先,我们来看看如何用libpcap格式写数据包。

以下示例捕获所选接口的数据包,并将其保存在名称由用户提供的文件中。

#include "pcap.h"/* prototype of the packet handler */void packet_handler(u_char *param, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data);int main(int argc, char **argv){pcap_if_t *alldevs;pcap_if_t *d;int inum;int i=0;pcap_t *adhandle;char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];pcap_dumper_t *dumpfile;        /* Check command line */    if(argc != 2)    {        printf("usage: %s filename", argv[0]);        return -1;    }        /* Retrieve the device list on the local machine */    if (pcap_findalldevs_ex(PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL, &alldevs, errbuf) == -1)    {        fprintf(stderr,"Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf);        exit(1);    }        /* Print the list */    for(d=alldevs; d; d=d->next)    {        printf("%d. %s", ++i, d->name);        if (d->description)            printf(" (%s)\n", d->description);        else            printf(" (No description available)\n");    }    if(i==0)    {        printf("\nNo interfaces found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n");        return -1;    }        printf("Enter the interface number (1-%d):",i);    scanf_s("%d", &inum);        if(inum < 1 || inum > i)    {        printf("\nInterface number out of range.\n");        /* Free the device list */        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);        return -1;    }            /* Jump to the selected adapter */    for(d=alldevs, i=0; i< inum-1 ;d=d->next, i++);            /* Open the device */    if ( (adhandle= pcap_open(d->name,          // name of the device                              65536,            // portion of the packet to capture                                                // 65536 guarantees that the whole packet will be captured on all the link layers                              PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS,    // promiscuous mode                              1000,             // read timeout                              NULL,             // authentication on the remote machine                              errbuf            // error buffer                              ) ) == NULL)    {        fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to open the adapter. %s is not supported by WinPcap\n", d->name);        /* Free the device list */        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);        return -1;    }    /* Open the dump file */    dumpfile = pcap_dump_open(adhandle, argv[1]);    if(dumpfile==NULL)    {        fprintf(stderr,"\nError opening output file\n");        return -1;    }        printf("\nlistening on %s... Press Ctrl+C to stop...\n", d->description);        /* At this point, we no longer need the device list. Free it */    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);        /* start the capture */    pcap_loop(adhandle, 0, packet_handler, (unsigned char *)dumpfile);    return 0;}/* Callback function invoked by libpcap for every incoming packet */void packet_handler(u_char *dumpfile, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data){    /* save the packet on the dump file */    pcap_dump(dumpfile, header, pkt_data);}

正如你所看到的,程序的结构与以前的课程中看到的结构非常相似。差异在于:

  • 一旦打开接口,就会发出一个对pcap_dump_open()的调用。此调用打开一个转储文件并将其与该接口相关联。
  • 数据包将从packet_handler()回调中使用pcap_dump()写入此文件。的参数pcap_dump()是在1-1对应于参数pcap_handler() 

从转储文件读取数据包

现在我们有一个转储文件可用,我们可以尝试阅读它的内容。以下代码打开一个WinPcap / libpcap转储文件,并显示文件中包含的每个数据包。该文件使用pcap_open_offline()打开,那么通常使用pcap_loop()来对数据包进行排序。如您所见,从离线捕获读取数据包与从物理接口接收数据包几乎相同。

此示例介绍另一个功能:pcap_createsrcsrc()。创建一个源字符串需要创建一个源字符串,它以一个标记开头,用于告诉WinPcap的源类型,例如“rpcap://”,如果我们要打开一个适配器,或者“file://”,如果我们打开文件。当使用pcap_findalldevs_ex()(返回的值已经包含这些字符串)时,不需要此步骤。但是,在此示例中是必需的,因为从用户输入读取文件的名称。

#include <stdio.h>#include <pcap.h>#define LINE_LEN 16void dispatcher_handler(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);int main(int argc, char **argv){pcap_t *fp;char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];char source[PCAP_BUF_SIZE];    if(argc != 2){        printf("usage: %s filename", argv[0]);        return -1;    }    /* Create the source string according to the new WinPcap syntax */    if ( pcap_createsrcstr( source,         // variable that will keep the source string                            PCAP_SRC_FILE,  // we want to open a file                            NULL,           // remote host                            NULL,           // port on the remote host                            argv[1],        // name of the file we want to open                            errbuf          // error buffer                            ) != 0)    {        fprintf(stderr,"\nError creating a source string\n");        return -1;    }        /* Open the capture file */    if ( (fp= pcap_open(source,         // name of the device                        65536,          // portion of the packet to capture                                        // 65536 guarantees that the whole packet will be captured on all the link layers                         PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS,     // promiscuous mode                         1000,              // read timeout                         NULL,              // authentication on the remote machine                         errbuf         // error buffer                         ) ) == NULL)    {        fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to open the file %s.\n", source);        return -1;    }    // read and dispatch packets until EOF is reached    pcap_loop(fp, 0, dispatcher_handler, NULL);    return 0;}void dispatcher_handler(u_char *temp1,                         const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data){    u_int i=0;    /*     * Unused variable     */    (VOID)temp1;    /* print pkt timestamp and pkt len */    printf("%ld:%ld (%ld)\n", header->ts.tv_sec, header->ts.tv_usec, header->len);                  /* Print the packet */    for (i=1; (i < header->caplen + 1 ) ; i++)    {        printf("%.2x ", pkt_data[i-1]);        if ( (i % LINE_LEN) == 0) printf("\n");    }        printf("\n\n");         }
以下示例与最后一个示例具有相同的用途,但是使用pcap_next_ex()而不是pcap_loop()回调方法。
#include <stdio.h>#include <pcap.h>#define LINE_LEN 16int main(int argc, char **argv){pcap_t *fp;char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];char source[PCAP_BUF_SIZE];struct pcap_pkthdr *header;const u_char *pkt_data;u_int i=0;int res;    if(argc != 2)    {        printf("usage: %s filename", argv[0]);        return -1;    }        /* Create the source string according to the new WinPcap syntax */    if ( pcap_createsrcstr( source,         // variable that will keep the source string                            PCAP_SRC_FILE,  // we want to open a file                            NULL,           // remote host                            NULL,           // port on the remote host                            argv[1],        // name of the file we want to open                            errbuf          // error buffer                            ) != 0)    {        fprintf(stderr,"\nError creating a source string\n");        return -1;    }        /* Open the capture file */    if ( (fp= pcap_open(source,         // name of the device                        65536,          // portion of the packet to capture                                        // 65536 guarantees that the whole packet will be captured on all the link layers                         PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS,     // promiscuous mode                         1000,              // read timeout                         NULL,              // authentication on the remote machine                         errbuf         // error buffer                         ) ) == NULL)    {        fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to open the file %s.\n", source);        return -1;    }        /* Retrieve the packets from the file */    while((res = pcap_next_ex( fp, &header, &pkt_data)) >= 0)    {        /* print pkt timestamp and pkt len */        printf("%ld:%ld (%ld)\n", header->ts.tv_sec, header->ts.tv_usec, header->len);                          /* Print the packet */        for (i=1; (i < header->caplen + 1 ) ; i++)        {            printf("%.2x ", pkt_data[i-1]);            if ( (i % LINE_LEN) == 0) printf("\n");        }                printf("\n\n");         }            if (res == -1)    {        printf("Error reading the packets: %s\n", pcap_geterr(fp));    }        return 0;}

Writing packets to a dump file with pcap_live_dump

注意:由于新内核缓冲区存在一些问题,此功能已被禁用。

WinPcap的最新版本提供了一种将网络流量节省到pcap_live_dump()函数的另一种方法。pcap_live_dump()具有三个参数:一个文件名,允许该文件达到的最大大小(以字节为单位),以及该文件允许包含的最大数据包数。零表示对这两个值没有限制。请注意,在调用pcap_live_dump()之前,该程序可以设置一个过滤器(使用pcap_setfilter(),请参阅过滤流量),以定义要保存的流量的子集。

pcap_live_dump()是非阻塞的,因此它将启动转储并立即返回:转储进程异步进行,直到达到最大文件大小或最大数据包数。

应用程序可以使用pcap_live_dump_ended()等待或检查转储结束。请注意,如果同步参数非零,如果极限均为0,此功能将永久阻止应用程序。

#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <pcap.h>#error At the moment the kernel dump feature is not supported in the drivermain(int argc, char **argv) {        pcap_if_t *alldevs, *d;    pcap_t *fp;    u_int inum, i=0;    char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];    printf("kdump: saves the network traffic to file using WinPcap kernel-level dump faeature.\n");    printf("\t Usage: %s [adapter] | dump_file_name max_size max_packs\n", argv[0]);    printf("\t Where: max_size is the maximum size that the dump file will reach (0 means no limit)\n");    printf("\t Where: max_packs is the maximum number of packets that will be saved (0 means no limit)\n\n");    if(argc < 5){        /* The user didn't provide a packet source: Retrieve the device list */        if (pcap_findalldevs(&alldevs, errbuf) == -1)        {            fprintf(stderr,"Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf);            exit(1);        }                /* Print the list */        for(d=alldevs; d; d=d->next)        {            printf("%d. %s", ++i, d->name);            if (d->description)                printf(" (%s)\n", d->description);            else                printf(" (No description available)\n");        }                if(i==0)        {            printf("\nNo interfaces found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n");            return -1;        }                printf("Enter the interface number (1-%d):",i);        scanf("%d", &inum);                if(inum < 1 || inum > i)        {            printf("\nInterface number out of range.\n");            /* Free the device list */            return -1;        }                /* Jump to the selected adapter */        for(d=alldevs, i=0; i< inum-1 ;d=d->next, i++);                /* Open the device */        if ( (fp = pcap_open_live(d->name, 100, 1, 20, errbuf) ) == NULL)        {            fprintf(stderr,"\nError opening adapter\n");            return -1;        }        /* Free the device list */        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);        /* Start the dump */        if(pcap_live_dump(fp, argv[1], atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3]))==-1){            printf("Unable to start the dump, %s\n", pcap_geterr(fp));            return -1;        }    }    else{                /* Open the device */        if ( (fp= pcap_open_live(argv[1], 100, 1, 20, errbuf) ) == NULL)        {            fprintf(stderr,"\nError opening adapter\n");            return -1;        }        /* Start the dump */        if(pcap_live_dump(fp, argv[0], atoi(argv[1]), atoi(argv[2]))==-1){            printf("Unable to start the dump, %s\n", pcap_geterr(fp));            return -1;        }    }    /* Wait until the dump finishes, i.e. when  max_size or max_packs is reached*/    pcap_live_dump_ended(fp, TRUE);        /* Close the adapter, so that the file is correctly flushed */    pcap_close(fp);    return 0;}

除了设置限制的可能性之外,pcap_live_dump()和pcap_dump()之间的区别是性能。pcap_live_dump()利用了WinPcap NPF驱动程序的功能(参见NPF驱动程序内部手册)从内核级写入转储,最小化上下文切换和内存副本的数量。

显然,由于此功能目前在其他操作系统上不可用,因此pcap_live_dump()是WinPcap特有的,仅在Win32下存在。






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