第八届福建省大学生程序设计竞赛 FZU 2277 Change (dfs序+树状数组)

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题目原文:

 Problem 2277 Change

Accept: 60    Submit: 354
Time Limit: 2000 mSec    Memory Limit : 262144 KB

 Problem Description

There is a rooted tree with n nodes, number from 1-n. Root’s number is 1.Each node has a value ai.

Initially all the node’s value is 0.

We have q operations. There are two kinds of operations.

1 v x k : a[v]+=x , a[v’]+=x-k (v’ is child of v) , a[v’’]+=x-2*k (v’’ is child of v’) and so on.

2 v : Output a[v] mod 1000000007(10^9 + 7).

 Input

First line contains an integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 3), represents there are T test cases.

In each test case:

The first line contains a number n.

The second line contains n-1 number, p2,p3,…,pn . pi is the father of i.

The third line contains a number q.

Next q lines, each line contains an operation. (“1 v x k” or “2 v”)

1 ≤ n ≤ 3*10^5

1 ≤ pi < i

1 ≤ q ≤ 3*10^5

1 ≤ v ≤ n; 0 ≤ x < 10^9 + 7; 0 ≤ k < 10^9 + 7

 Output

For each operation 2, outputs the answer.

 Sample Input

131 131 1 2 12 12 2

 Sample Output

21

 Source

第八届福建省大学生程序设计竞赛-重现赛(感谢承办方厦门理工学院)

题目大意:有一棵树,初始状态下所有的节点权值都为0,有两种操作,第一种是选定这棵树的一个节点,然后把这个子树上的所有子节点都+x,然后再按照层数差,往下减k。

解题思路:

例如选定一棵以u节点为根节点的子树,v是这棵子树上的点。用dep[]数组来维护每个节点的深度。

那么一次更新操作相当于对 a[v] += x + (d[u] - d[v])*k   整理得  a[v] += (x + k*d[u] )- k*d[v]  红色部分对这个子树上的所有顶点是一个定值,可以用线段树或者树状数组维护。而后一部分的d[v]是每个节点的深度属性,无需维护,所以我们只需要再开一个树状数组/线段树来维护k的和。

通过对这两个量的维护我们就可以针对每一个询问得到想要的结果。

【注】最开始选择用线段树维护这两个值,但是一直TLE,应该是被卡了常数,即使加上了输入输出外挂也不能解决问题。后来选择树状数组来维护,一次AC,并且代码简洁,感觉这类区间更新,单点修改的题目比较适合使用树状数组来解决。

AC代码:

//区间修改 单点查询#include <vector>#include <list>#include <map>#include <set>#include <queue>#include <stack>#include <bitset>#include <algorithm>#include <functional>#include <numeric>#include <utility>#include <sstream>#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>#include <cstdio>#include <cmath>#include <cstdlib>#include <ctime>#include <cstring>#include <limits>#include <climits>#include <cstdio>#define Fori(x) for(int i=0;i<x;i++)#define Forj(x) for(int j=0;j<x;j++)#define maxn 300007#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f#define pb  push_back#define ONES(x) __builtin_popcount(x)#define _  << "  " <<using namespace std;typedef long long ll ;const double eps =1e-8;const int mod = 1000000007;typedef pair<int, int> P;const double PI = acos(-1.0);int dx[4] = {0,0,1,-1};int dy[4] = {1,-1,0,0};inline int read(){    int data=0,w=1; char ch=0;    while(ch!='-' && (ch<'0' || ch>'9')) ch=getchar();    if(ch=='-') w=-1,ch=getchar();    while(ch>='0' && ch<='9') data=data*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar();    return data*w;}inline ll readll(){    ll data=0;    int w=1; char ch=0;    while(ch!='-' && (ch<'0' || ch>'9')) ch=getchar();    if(ch=='-') w=-1,ch=getchar();    while(ch>='0' && ch<='9') data=data*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar();    return data*w;}inline void write(int x){     if(x<0) putchar('-'),x=-x;     if(x>9) write(x/10);     putchar(x%10+'0');}inline void writell(ll x){     if(x<0) putchar('-'),x=-x;     if(x>9) write(x/10);     putchar(x%10+'0');}vector<int> e[maxn];int v;ll x,k;int n;int step;int in[maxn],out[maxn];//in out 维护出入时间戳int dep[maxn];//维护深度void dfs(int u,int fa,int depth){    in[u]=step++;    dep[u]=depth;    for(int i=0;i<e[u].size();i++)    {        int v = e[u][i];        if(v==fa)            continue;        dfs(v,u,depth+1);    }    out[u]=step-1;}//BIT 向下统计 向上修改ll bit[maxn];ll bit1[maxn];ll sum(ll *bit , int i){    ll s = 0;    while(i>0){        s = (s + bit[i])%mod;        i -= i & -i;    }    return s;}void add(ll *bit , int i, ll x)//i 不能取 0{    while(i<=n){        bit[i] = (bit[i] + x)%mod;        i += i&-i;    }}int main(){    int t;    scanf("%d",&t);    while(t--)    {        n=read();        step=1;        for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++)            e[i].clear();        for(int i = 2; i<=n; i++){            int p = read();            e[p].pb(i);        }        dfs(1,-1,1);        int q = read();        for(int i = 0; i<maxn-2; i++)            bit[i] = bit1[i] = 0;        while(q--)        {            int type = read();            if(type==1)            {                v=read();                x=readll();                k=readll();                ll A=(x+k*dep[v])%mod;                add(bit,in[v],A);                add(bit,out[v]+1,-A);                //update(1,in[v],out[v],A);                //update1(1,in[v],out[v],k);                add(bit1,in[v],k);                add(bit1,out[v]+1,-k);            }            else            {                v=read();                //ll A=query(1,in[v],in[v]);                //ll B=query1(1,in[v],in[v]);                ll A = sum(bit,in[v]);                ll B = sum(bit1,in[v]);                ll ans=((A-B*dep[v])%mod+mod)%mod;                writell(ans);                printf("\n");            }        }    }    return 0;}


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