CENTOS7下部署数据库与应用

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CENTOS7下部署数据库与应用

 

Author:    张翔龙Xianglong.Zhang

E-Mail: xianglong.zhang@hand-china.com

Creation Date:    July 25, 2017

Last Updated:    July 25, 2017

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Version:    1.0

 

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    Contents

    Document Control    ii

    总体说明    1

    文档目的    1

    内容    1

    (一)CentOS7    2

    1.    安装    2

    2.    重设SWAP    2

    3.    VM下添加硬盘空间    3

    (二)Oracle Database 12C    6

    1.    工具/原料    6

    2.    配置系统环境    6

    3.    修改系统参数    7

    4.    开始安装    9

    5.    图形界面安装    9

    6.    数据库启停    13

    (三)MySQL    14

    (四)应用服务    15

    (五)    16

    Open and Closed Issues for this Deliverable    17

    Open Issues    17

    Closed Issues    17

 

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总体说明

 

文档目的

将数据库与应用部署到服务器是必须掌握的技能,本文就CentOS7系统为例,介绍部署数据库与应用的步骤。

 

内容

  • CentOS7
  • Oracle Database 12C
  • MySQL
  • 应用服务

 

 

(一)CentOS7

 

  1. 安装

     

 

  1. 重设SWAP

    1. 查看当前swap大小:

    free -m

    1. 查看硬盘空间是否足够配置swap文件:

    df -h

    1. 查看是否已经配置过swap:

    swapon -s

    1. 如果swap文件已经存在,则修改改swap文件:

      关闭swap:

    sudo swapoff -a

    把当前swap文件增大:

    sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/dm-1 bs=1M count=4096

    注:of设置为swap文件,bs为单位,count为数量。

    把增大后的文件设置为swap文件:

    sudo mkswap /swapfile

    重新打开swap:

    sudo swapon /swapfile

    让swap在启动时自动生效,编辑/etc/fstab文件:

    sudo nano /etc/fstab

    添加:

    /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

    1. 如果未配置过swap,则新建swap文件:

      创建:

    sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile

    检查:

    ls -lh /swapfile

    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0G Oct 30 11:00 /swapfile

    启用swap:

    sudo chmod 600 /swapfile

    sudo mkswap /swapfile

    Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4194300 KiB

    no label, UUID=b99230bb-21af-47bc-8c37-de41129c39bf

    sudo swapon /swapfile

    检查:

    swapon -s

    free -m

    使swap开机自动生效:

    sudo nano /etc/fstab

    添加:

    /swapfile swap swap sw 0 0

 

  1. VM下添加硬盘空间

    如果CentOS7文件系统空间不足,可以添加硬盘空间,这里给出VM下添加硬盘空间的方法。

    PV:物理卷

    VG:逻辑卷组

    LV:逻辑卷

    1. VM中添加一块硬盘

    2. 查看新硬盘

    fdisk -l

    1. 对新硬盘分区

    fdisk /dev/sdb

    n

    p

    1

    null

    null

    t

    L

    8e

    P

    w

    partprobe

    注:/dev/sdb为新硬盘名

    1. 创建物理卷(PV)

    pvcreate /dev/sdb1

    pvdisplay

    1. 将PV加入卷组(VG)

    vgdisplay

    vgextend centos /dev/sdb1

    1. 创建逻辑卷(LV)

    lvcreate -L 4G -n newlv cl

    lvdisplay

    1. 格式化逻辑卷并挂载

    mkfs.xfs /dev/cl/newlv

    mount -t xfs /dev/cl/newlv /dev/

    df -Th

    1. 设置开机自动挂载

    vi /etc/fstab

    添加:

    /dev/cl/newlv /dev

    1. 逻辑卷扩容

    lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/cl/newlv

    xfs_growfs /dev/cl/newlv

(二)Oracle Database 12C

 

  1. 工具/原料

    1. CentOS7

      CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso

      下载地址:官方网站

      确保系统有足够的 RAM 和交换空间大小:

    free –mh

    注:所需最小 RAM 为 512MB,而所需最小交换空间为 1GB。对于 RAM 小于或等于 2GB 的系统,交换空间应为 RAM 数量的两倍;对于 RAM 大于 2GB 的系统,交换空间应为 RAM 数量的一到两倍。

    确保有足够的磁盘空间:

    df -h

    注:Oracle 10g软件大约需要 2.5GB 的可用磁盘空间,数据库则另需至少1.2G的磁盘空间;/tmp 目录至少需要 400MB 的可用空间。

    1. Oracle Database 12C

      linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

      linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

      下载地址:官方网站

 

  1. 配置系统环境

    1. 安装所需RPM程序包,执行以下代码:

    yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutilslibelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBCdevel*.i686 libXp

    1. 建立用户和组:

    groupadd oinstall

    groupadd dba

    groupadd oper

    useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle #初始群组为 oinstall,有效群组为 dbaoper

    passwd oracle #oracle帐号设置密码(安装的时候需要登录)

    1. 安装目录:

    mkdir -p /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

    chown -R oracle:oinstall /orcl/app

    chmod -R 775 /orcl/app

 

  1. 修改系统参数

    1. 修改内核参数:

    编辑内核参数配置文件:

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf

    在该文件下修改或添加如下行:

    fs.file-max = 6815744

    fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

    kernel.shmall = 2097152

    kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

    kernel.shmmni = 4096

    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

    net.core.rmem_default = 262144

    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

    net.core.wmem_default = 262144

    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

    再执行以下命令使以上配置立即生效:

    sysctl -p

    1. 修改文件限制

    编辑系统资源限制配置文件:

    vi /etc/security/limits.conf

    在该文件下添加如下行:

    oracle soft nproc 2047

    oracle hard nproc 16384

    oracle soft nofile 1024

    oracle hard nofile 65536

    oracle soft stack 10240

    编辑login文件:

    vi /etc/pam.d/login

    注释,无则跳过:

    #session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

    添加:

    session required pam_limits.so

    1. 修改ulimit:

    vi /etc/profile

    添加:

    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

    ulimit -p 16384

    ulimit -n 65536a

    else

    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

    fi

    fi

    1. 修改Oracle用户环境变量:

    vi ~oracle/.bash_profile

    添加:

    ORACLE_BASE=/orcl/app/oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1

    ORACLE_SID=orcl

    export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

    PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

    export PATH

 

  1. 开始安装

    将安装文件复制到/orcl/app/oracle目录下,执行:

    su - oracle

    cd /orcl/app/oracle

    unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_1of2.zip

    unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_2of2.zip

    export LANG="en_US"

    cd /orcl/app/oracle/database

    ./runInstaller

 

  1. 图形界面安装

    如果是远程服务器,可以使用vnc远程连接服务器进行图形视窗安装。

    这里直接在虚拟机中进行图形界面操作。

    注:上图设置应与.bash_profile文件保持一致,并设置好用户名和密码。

    上图check了安装环境是否符合要求,前面的配置步骤也就是为这里check做准备,可以根据结果重新调整。例如这里显示交换内存不够的警告。

 

  1. 数据库启停

     

 

(三)MySQL

 

 

 

(四)应用服务

 

(五)

 

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ID 

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Resolution 

Responsibility 

Target Date 

Impact Date 

                              
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