python生成随机数方法小结

python生成随机数方法小结
在Python中用于生成随机数的模块是random,在使用前需要import

random.random:
random.random():生成一个0-1之间的随机浮点数.例:

import random  print random.random()  # 0.87594424128  

random.uniform
random.uniform(a, b):生成[a,b]之间的浮点数.例:

import random  print random.uniform(0, 10)  # 5.27462570463  

random.ranint
random.randint(a, b):生成[a,b]之间的整数.例:

import random  print random.randint(0, 10)  # 8  

random.randrange
random.randrange(a, b, step):在指定的集合[a,b)中,以step为基数随机取一个数.如random.randrange(0, 20, 2),相当于从[0,2,4,6,…,18]中随机取一个.例:

import random  print random.randrange(0, 20, 2)  # 14  

random.choice
random.choice(sequence):从特定序列中随机取一个元素,这里的序列可以是字符串,列表,元组等,例:

import random  string = 'nice to meet you'  tup = ('nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you')  lst = ['nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you']  dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}  print random.choice(string)  print random.choice(tup)  print random.choice(lst)  ''''' c meet nice '''  

random.shuffle
random.shuffle(lst):将列表中的元素打乱,洗牌.例:

import random  lst = ['nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you']  random.shuffle(lst)  print lst  # ['you', 'nice', 'to', 'meet']  

random.sample
random.sample(sequence,k):从指定序列在随机抽取定长序列,原始序列不变,例:

import random  string = 'nice to meet you'  tup = ('nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you')  lst = ['nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you']  dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}  print random.sample(string, 2)  print random.sample(tup, 2)  print random.sample(lst, 2)  ''''' ['m', 'i'] ['you', 'nice'] ['nice', 'to'] '''  

参考资料：
1、http://blog.csdn.net/shuaijiasanshao/article/details/51339438 2017.7.28