Java源码阅读之HashMap

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Java源码阅读之HashMap

1、知识汇总

HashMap的结构如下,绿色框是一个数组,数组的每一个元素都是一个单链表的头结点。红色框就是一个单链表,单链表用来解决冲突,如果不同的key值映射到了数组中的同一位置,则将其放到链表中。

这里写图片描述

HashMap中的结点重写了hashCode()方法和equals()方法,只有key和value都相等时,才认为两个结点相等,源码如下:

static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {    final int hash; // hash值    final K key;    // key    V value;        // value    Node<K,V> next; // 单链表中,下一个结点    // 构造方法    Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {        this.hash = hash;        this.key = key;        this.value = value;        this.next = next;    }    public final K getKey()        { return key; }    public final V getValue()      { return value; }    public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }    // 重写hashCode()    public final int hashCode() {        return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);    }    public final V setValue(V newValue) {        V oldValue = value;        value = newValue;        return oldValue;    }    // 重写 equals方法    public final boolean equals(Object o) {        if (o == this)            return true;        if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;            if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&                Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))                return true;        }        return false;    }}

HashMap与HashTable的对比:
1、二者的功能、存储结构、解决冲突的方法相似
2、HashTable的key, value都不能为null
3、HashMap线程不安全,HashTable是线程安全的

2、构造方法

HashMap初始容量默认为16,加载因子默认为0.75,当HashMap中的元素数量大于当前容量与加载因子的乘积时,HashMap就需要扩容。而扩容是比较耗时的操作,因此使用HashMap前,最好估计出HashMap的容量。

还有一点需要注意,HashMap的容量始终是2的n次方,且这个2的n次方大于HashMap的实际容量。举个例子,假如我们需要在HashMap中存储10个元素,则构造方法会将HashMap的初始容量设置为16(2^4)。

为什么要求HashMap的容量是2的n次方呢?
首先,在根据hash值求数组索引时,需要利用hash值对数组长度取模(除法散列)。比如:数组长度为8,hash值为9,则索引值index=9 % 8 == 1。当数组长度length为2的整数次方时,hash & (length-1)相当于对length取模,由于位运算比除法要快,所以要求length为2的n次方,这样我们就可以用位运算替代除法运算。

/** * 使用初始容量和加载因子初始化HashMap */public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {    if (initialCapacity < 0)        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +                                           initialCapacity);    // 不能超过最大容量(1 << 30)    if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)        initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;    if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +                                           loadFactor);    this.loadFactor = loadFactor;    this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);}/** * 使用初始容量初始化HashMap(加载因子默认为0.75) */public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {    this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);}/** * 无参的构造方法,初始容量默认为16 */public HashMap() {    this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted}/** * 通过Map构建HashMap */public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {    this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;    putMapEntries(m, false);}

3、扩容:resize()方法

/** * 计算新的容量(大于cap的,最小的2的n次方) * 话说这段位运算的代码,还没有搞懂,求大神指导 */static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {    int n = cap - 1;    n |= n >>> 1; // 无符号右移    n |= n >>> 2;    n |= n >>> 4;    n |= n >>> 8;    n |= n >>> 16;    return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;}/** * 新建了一个HashMap底层数组,将容量扩大2倍 * 把全部元素添加到新的数组中 */final Node<K,V>[] resize() {    Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;    int oldThr = threshold;    int newCap, newThr = 0;    if (oldCap > 0) {        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;            return oldTab;        }        // 把容量扩大2倍        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&                 oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)            newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold    }    else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold        newCap = oldThr;    else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);    }    if (newThr == 0) {        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?                  (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);    }    threshold = newThr;    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})    Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];    table = newTab;    if (oldTab != null) {        // 把原来HashMap中的键值对,重新映射到新HashMap中        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {            Node<K,V> e;            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {                oldTab[j] = null;                if (e.next == null)                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);                else { // preserve order                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;                    Node<K,V> next;                    do {                        next = e.next;                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {                            if (loTail == null)                                loHead = e;                            else                                loTail.next = e;                            loTail = e;                        }                        else {                            if (hiTail == null)                                hiHead = e;                            else                                hiTail.next = e;                            hiTail = e;                        }                    } while ((e = next) != null);                    if (loTail != null) {                        loTail.next = null;                        newTab[j] = loHead;                    }                    if (hiTail != null) {                        hiTail.next = null;                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;                    }                }            }        }    }    return newTab;}

4、插入、修改:put()方法

put方法有几点需要注意:
1、如果key为null,放到table[0]指向的单链表中
2、如果key不为null,计算hash值和数组索引,然后插入到该索引指向的单链表中(每次插入都是插入到头结点中)

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,                   boolean evict) {    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)        n = (tab = resize()).length;    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);    else {        Node<K,V> e; K k;        if (p.hash == hash &&            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))            e = p;        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);        else {            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {                if ((e = p.next) == null) {                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);                    break;                }                if (e.hash == hash &&                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))                    break;                p = e;            }        }        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key            V oldValue = e.value;            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)                e.value = value;            afterNodeAccess(e);            return oldValue;        }    }    ++modCount;    if (++size > threshold)        resize();    afterNodeInsertion(evict);    return null;}

5、删除:remove()方法

/** * 删除节点 */final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,                           boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {    Node<K,V>[] tab;     Node<K,V> p;     int n, index;    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&        (p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {        Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;        if (p.hash == hash &&            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))            node = p;        else if ((e = p.next) != null) {            if (p instanceof TreeNode)                node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);            else {                do {                    if (e.hash == hash &&                        ((k = e.key) == key ||                         (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {                        node = e;                        break;                    }                    p = e;                } while ((e = e.next) != null);            }        }        if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||                             (value != null && value.equals(v)))) {            if (node instanceof TreeNode)                ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);            else if (node == p)                tab[index] = node.next;            else                p.next = node.next;            ++modCount;            --size;            afterNodeRemoval(node);            return node;        }    }    return null;}/** * 数组中的每个元素被设置为null,等待GC回收 */public void clear() {    Node<K,V>[] tab;    modCount++;    if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {        size = 0;        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i)            tab[i] = null;    }}

6、查询:get()方法

查询主要用到get()方法,有两点需要注意:
1、key为null的键值对,存放在table[0]指向的单链表中
2、key不为null时,根据hash值找到table中的索引,在索引指向的单链表中查找键值对

public V get(Object key) {    Node<K,V> e;    return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;}/** * 先根据hash值定位到数组中的某个位置 * 然后遍历该位置指向的单链表进行查找 */final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {    Node<K,V>[] tab; // table的副本    Node<K,V> first, e;     int n;     K k;     if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))            return first;        if ((e = first.next) != null) {            if (first instanceof TreeNode)                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);            do {                if (e.hash == hash &&                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))                    return e;            } while ((e = e.next) != null);        }    }    return null;}

今天就到这里吧,拜拜~

这里写图片描述

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