Linux下安装MySQL的流程及部分错误异常处理

1.下载安装包

        （1）手动下载：下载地址http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

        （2）命令下载：wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

    2.解压

        tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz                             #解压缩

        cp -r mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql                     #复制到MySQL目录下

    3.添加用户组和用户

        groupadd mysql                                                                  #添加用户组

        useradd -g mysql mysql                                                          #添加用户到用户组

    4.安装

        cd /usr/local/mysql                                                             #进入MySQL目录

        mkdir ./data/mysql                                                              #创建数据文件目录

        chown -R mysql:mysql ./                                                         #修改文件目录权限

        ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql  #执行带参数的安装指令

        cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld                                #复制启动参数

        chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld                                                    #修改读写权限

        cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf                                     #复制MySQL环境设置参数

        vi /etc/init.d/mysqld                                                           vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

        修改内容：   

            basedir=/usr/local/mysql/   

            datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

    5.启动测试

        将连接指令加入系统环境变量

        export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

        source /etc/profile

        service mysqld start                                                            #启动服务

        mysql -u root                                                                   #连接数据库

        service mysqld stop                                                             #关闭数据库

        service mysqld status                                                           #查看运行状态

    

    6.安装时可能出现的错误

        -bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/bin/perl: bad interpreter: 没有那个文件或目录

        解决方法：

            yum -y install perl perl-devel

     ./mysql_install_db: /usr/local/mysql5_1a//bin/my_print_defaults: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpr

     出现原因：在64位的机器里安装32位的MySQL安装包

     解决办法：

          方法一：使用64位的MySQL安装包

            方法二：安装下glic：sudo yum install glibc.i686

        Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

        解决方法：

            yum -y install libaio-devel

    

    7.连接数据库时可能出现的错误

        报1130错误，是由于没有给远程连接的用户权限问题

        解决方法1：

            更改 ‘mysql’数据库‘user’表‘host’项，从‘localhost’改成‘%’。

            use mysql;

            select 'host' from user where user='root';

            update user set host = '%' where user ='root';

            flush privileges;

        解决方法2：

            直接授权：（该方法会在mysql.user表中直接新增一条记录。）

            GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'youpassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

        

        报2002错误：ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

        解决方法：

            1. 先通过：service mysqld status 查看MySQL是否启动

             若没启动，则启动mysql：service mysqld start

            2. 若已启动MySQL服务，则修改/etc/my.conf

                [mysqld]

                datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

                socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

                [mysql.server]

                user=mysql

                basedir=/usr/local/mysql

                #If there is not currently a section called [client], add one at the bottom of the file and copy the socket= line under the [mysqld] section such as:

                [client]

                socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock                    #如果存在[client]，则client中的socket也应与MySQL的socket保持一致。

            3. 重启MySQL服务

    安装准备工作：

        1.查看是否已经安装MySQL：

            rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

        2.若有安装卸载的残留，可通过以下命令清除：

            rpm -ev 包名

         如果提示依赖包报错，则使用以下命令清楚：

           rpm -ev 包名 --nodeps

         如果提示错误：error: %preun(xxxxxx) scriptlet failed, exit status 1

           rpm -e --noscripts 包名

        3.查找老版本的Mysql目录

            find / -name mysql

         删除老版本的MySQL目录

         rm -rf MySQL目录

        4.查找老版本的MySQL配置

            find / -name my.cnf

         删除老版本的Mysql配置

           rm -f my.cnf