Java版AVG游戏开发入门[0]——游戏模式转换中的事件交互

   示例程序下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/source/999273（源码在jar内）

 

 AVG，即Adventure Game，可以直译为[冒险游戏]。但是通常情况下我们说AVG是指[文字冒险游戏]，也有人更直白的解释成自己选择路线和结局的电子小说，与硬砍硬杀的RPG或者揉破键盘的ACT不同，AVG多以解谜或文字游戏等脑力攻关推动剧情发展。现在日本流行的ADV，可以看作是AVG英文全称的不同缩写方式，大体上讲，AVG == ADV。

 

 由于商业化需要，现代主流的AVG往往是GalGame，也就是少女游戏，或称少女恋爱游戏，但GalGame != AVG，只是下属分支中的一环罢了，AVG包含GalGame，但GalGame并不能完全代表AVG/ADV。另外关于GalGame的详细介绍，在若木民喜《只有神才知道的世界》中演绎的相当生动，有兴趣的可以自己去看看~

 

 

 

  就技术角度而言，AVG开发可以算得所有游戏类型中最容易的。一款简单AVG游戏的制作难度甚至在贪食蛇、俄罗斯方块之下。由于实现的简易性，导致AVG的开发重心往往着重于策划及美工，程序员的作用则微乎其微。同时也正因AVG开发的门坎约等于0，所以此类型的同人游戏之多即可堪称世界之冠。另外，AVG开发工具普及的也促进了AVG的量产化。利用工具，即始是小说作者、漫画家等非软件专业出身的人士，往往也能轻易制作出顶级的AVG大作。（顺便一提，目前我所见过最好的AVG制作工具是鬼子的livemaker，采用类似思维导图的方式构造整个游戏，很多轻小说作者乃至网络漫画家用它制作自己作品的宣传游戏。但就技术角度上说，livemaker的开发依旧没什么难度......）

 

 由于AVG的大泛滥，通常仅有文字、图片及语音的AVG往往无法满足用户需求（H除外-_-）。我们每每可在AVG游戏类型后发现个+号，比如《樱花大战》是AVG+SLG，《生化危机》是AVG+ACT。所以客观上说，AVG开发仅仅能进行字图的交互是不够的，还要解决多模块组件的协调问题。

 

 在Java桌面应用开发中,我们都知道绘图是极为简单的，有Image、Graphics两个对象就可以Paint一个图形，即使图形对象再多，最后它们也必须统一在一个Paint中，所以Java中不存在图像的交互问题。

 

但问题在于，图像的显示可以统一，但是触发图像变化的事件却是很难统一的。比如现在有需求如下，在AVG模式中，触发键盘事件上、下、左、右时为控制画面的前进、后退，切换模式到SLG模式后，设定上、下、左、右是光标移动，那么如果我要在程序中实现，就必须记录当前模式，而后根据不同模式调用事件，再反馈到图形上。如果只有几个事件的区别，我们当然可以很容易用分支来实现；问题是，随着游戏规模的加大，这些分支将成几何倍数增多，单纯的分支判定到最后只能忙于应付，落个费力不讨好。

 

其实在这时，我们大可以使用一些技巧来轻松解决问题。

 

示例如下：

 

 

首先，我们构造一个接口，命名为IControl，继承鼠标及键盘监听，并在其中设定两个抽象方法：

 

    package org.loon.simple.avg;import java.awt.Graphics;import java.awt.event.KeyListener;import java.awt.event.MouseListener;import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;/** * Copyright 2008 - 2009 * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of * the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under * the License. * * @project loonframework * @author chenpeng * @email：[e-mail] * @version 0.1 */public interface IControl extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,KeyListener {public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);public abstract IControl invoke();}

 

 

  而后，再构造一个接口，命名为IAVG，同样继承鼠标及键盘监听，并在其中设定三个抽象方法，用以操作IControl接口：

    package org.loon.simple.avg;import java.awt.Graphics;import java.awt.event.KeyListener;import java.awt.event.MouseListener;import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;/** * Copyright 2008 - 2009 * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of * the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under * the License. * * @project loonframework * @author chenpeng * @email：[e-mail] * @version 0.1 */public interface IAVG extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,KeyListener {public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);public abstract IControl getControl();public abstract void setControl(final IControl control);} 

     再后，制作一个显示图像用组件，命名为AVGCanva，继承自Canvas。

 

     package org.loon.simple.avg;import java.awt.Canvas;import java.awt.Graphics;/** * Copyright 2008 - 2009 * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of * the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under * the License. * * @project loonframework * @author chenpeng * @email：[e-mail] * @version 0.1 */public class AVGCanvas extends Canvas {/** * */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1982278682597393958L;private boolean start;private IAVG avg;public AVGCanvas(IAVG handler) {this.avg = handler;this.start = false;this.addKeyListener(handler);this.addMouseListener(handler);this.addMouseMotionListener(handler);}public void update(Graphics g) {paint(g);}public void paint(Graphics g) {if (this.start) {this.avg.draw(g);}}public void startPaint() {this.start = true;}public void endPaint() {this.start = false;}}

 

     这段代码中的paint方法中并没有现成的方法，而是调用了IAVG接口的draw。紧接着，我们再设定一个AVGFrame用以加载AVGCanvas。

 

    package org.loon.simple.avg;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Dimension;import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;/** * Copyright 2008 - 2009 * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of * the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under * the License. * * @project loonframework * @author chenpeng * @email：[e-mail] * @version 0.1 */public class AVGFrame extends Frame implements Runnable {/** * */private static final long serialVersionUID = 198284399945549558L;private IAVG avg;private AVGCanvas canvas;private boolean fps;private String titleName;private Thread mainLoop;public AVGFrame(String titleName, int width, int height) {this(new AVG(), titleName, width, height);}public AVGFrame(IAVG avg, String titleName, int width, int height) {super(titleName);Lib.WIDTH = width;Lib.HEIGHT = height;this.avg = avg;this.titleName = titleName;this.addKeyListener(avg);this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width + 5, height + 25));this.initCanvas(Lib.WIDTH, Lib.HEIGHT);this.pack();this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {System.exit(0);}});this.setResizable(false);this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);this.setVisible(true);}public void run() {gameLoop();}/** * 开始循环窗体图像 * */private synchronized void gameLoop() {canvas.startPaint();long second = 0L;int moveCount = 0;// 循环绘制for (;;) {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();this.paintScreen();long end = System.currentTimeMillis();long time = end - start;long sleepTime = 20L - time;if (sleepTime < 0L)sleepTime = 0L;try {Thread.sleep(sleepTime);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if (this.fps) {moveCount++;second += System.currentTimeMillis() - start;if (second >= 1000L) {this.setTitle(new StringBuilder(titleName).append(" FPS:").append(moveCount).toString());moveCount = 0;second = 0L;}}}}/** * 启动游戏循环 * */public void mainLoop() {this.mainLoop = new Thread(this);this.mainLoop.start();}/** * 初始化背景帆布 * * @param width * @param height */private void initCanvas(final int width, final int height) {canvas = new AVGCanvas(avg);canvas.setBackground(Color.black);canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));this.add(canvas);}public IAVG getAVG() {return this.avg;}protected void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent e) {super.processWindowEvent(e);}public synchronized void paintScreen() {canvas.repaint();}public boolean isShowFPS() {return fps;}public void setShowFPS(boolean fps) {this.fps = fps;}public Thread getMainLoop() {return mainLoop;}public String getTitleName() {return titleName;}}

 

  我们可以看到，在本例鼠标键盘事件及图像绘制完全通过接口方式实现。此时，只要让不同组件统一实现IControl接口，便可以轻松转换事件及图像的绘制。也正是我们都再熟悉不过的MVC模式中，通过Event导致Controller改变Model及View的基本原理。

 

   下一回，我们将具体讲解一个AVG游戏实现的基本流程。

 

  示例代码界面如下图：

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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   示例程序下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/source/999273（源码在jar内）