Windows服务创建

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C#创建Windows服务的方式总结

1. 利用.net框架类ServiceBase

==通过继承.net框架类ServiceBase实现,简单兼容性好==
* 步骤一:新建一个Windows服务

namespace WindowsService_test{    public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase    {        readonly Timer _timer;        private static readonly string FileName = Path.GetDirectoryName ( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly ( ).Location ) + @"\" + "test.txt";        public Service1 ( )        {            InitializeComponent ( );            _timer = new Timer ( 5000 )            {                AutoReset = true ,                Enabled = true            };            _timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e )            {                this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );            };        }        protected override void OnStart ( string [ ] args )        {            this.witre(string.Format("Service1 Start DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now));        }        protected override void OnStop ( )        {            this.witre(string.Format("Service1 Stop DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now) + Environment.NewLine);        }        void witre ( string context )        {            StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );            sw.WriteLine ( context );            sw.Flush ( );            sw.Close ( );        }    }}
  • 步骤二:添加Installer
namespace WindowsService_test{    [RunInstaller(true)]    public partial class Installer1 : System.Configuration.Install.Installer    {        private ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller;        private ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller;        public Installer1 ()        {            InitializeComponent();            processInstaller = new ServiceProcessInstaller();            serviceInstaller = new ServiceInstaller();            processInstaller.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;            serviceInstaller.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic;            serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "my_WindowsService";            serviceInstaller.Description = "WindowsService_Description";            serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "WindowsService_DisplayName";            Installers.Add ( serviceInstaller );            Installers.Add ( processInstaller );        }      }}
  • 步骤三:安装,卸载
    • 以管理员身份运行Cmd,找到InstallUtil.exe工具,本机为(C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319)
    • 运行Cmd命令:InstallUtil WindowsService_test.exe 安装Windows服务
    • 运行Cmd命令:InstallUtil /u WindowsService_test.exe 卸载Windows服务

2. 利用组件Topshelf

==Topshelf是一个开源的跨平台的服务框架,支持Windows和Mono,只需要几行代码就可以构建一个很方便使用的服务;代码简单,开源组件,Windows服务可运行多个实例==
* 步骤一:引用程序集TopShelf.dll和log4net.dll
* 步骤二:创建服务类

namespace ConsoleApp_Topshelf{    public class MyClass    {        readonly Timer _timer;        private static readonly string FileName = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory ( ) + @"\" + "test.txt";        public MyClass ( )        {            _timer = new Timer ( 5000 )            {                AutoReset = true ,                Enabled = true            };            _timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e )            {                this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );            };        }        void witre ( string context )        {            StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );            sw.WriteLine ( context );            sw.Flush ( );            sw.Close ( );        }        public void Start ( )        {            this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );        }        public void Stop ( )        {            this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );        }    }}
  • 步骤三:使用Topshelf宿主我们的服务
namespace ConsoleApp_Topshelf{    class Program    {        static void Main ( string [ ] args )        {            HostFactory.Run(x =>            {                x.Service<MyClass>((s) =>                {                    s.SetServiceName("chao");                    s.ConstructUsing(name => new MyClass());                    s.WhenStarted((t) => t.Start());                    s.WhenStopped((t) => t.Stop());                });                //表示以本地系统账号运行,可选的还有网络服务和本地服务账号                x.RunAsLocalSystem();                //服务的描述                x.SetDescription("Topshelf_Description");                //服务的显示名称                x.SetDisplayName("Topshelf_DisplayName");                //服务名称                x.SetServiceName("Topshelf_ServiceName");            });        }    }}
  • 步骤四:安装,卸载(其中exe就是程序生成的可执行文件)
    • ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe install (安装Windows服务)
    • ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe uninstall (卸载Windows服务)
    • TopshelfExample.exe start(启动Windows服务)
    • TopshelfExample.exe stop(停止Windows服务)

TopShell简要说明

==引用:http://www.myexception.cn/asp-dotnet/2037966.html==
* topshelf虽小但支持的可配置选项比较多,以下是部分示例:
* SetStartTimeout启动超时
* SetStopTimeout停止超时
* BeforeUninstall卸载前
* AfterUninstall 卸载后回调
* AfterInstall安装后回调
* AfterRollback回滚后回调
* DependsOnMsmq Msmq启动后再启动
* EnablePauseAndContinue支持暂停
* 多实例支持
* 原生服务上是不支持的,topshelf支持使用不同的名称来部署多个同样的程序实例:
* 启动一个新实例:TopshelfExample.exe –instance “newinstallname” install
* 卸载一个实例:TopshelfExample.exe –instance “TopshelfExample2” uninstall
* ==多实例有一个好处就是容灾,当一个服务部署多份时,这样其中任何一个服务实例挂了,剩余的可以继续执行。 多实例可以是主备的方式,主挂了备服务才会执行。也可以以负载均衡的方式实现,多实例抢占进程锁或分布式锁,谁拿到谁执行。==

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