Cookie

来源:互联网 发布:淘宝未签收退货流程 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/29 16:07

1、http协议的无状态性

无状态是指,当浏览器发送请求给服务器时,服务器响应客户端请求。但是当同一个人浏览器再次发送请求给服务器的时候,服务器并不知道他就是刚才那个浏览器。简单地说,就是服务器不会去记你,所以就是无状态协议。

2、保存用户状态的两大机制

Cookie技术、Session技术

3、Cookie简介

Cookie:是Web服务器保存在客户端的一系列文本信息。

典型应用:判定注册用户是否已经登录网站。购物车的处理。

4、Cookie的作用:

1.对特定对象的追踪
2.保存用户网页浏览记录与习惯
3.简化登录
4.安全风险:容易泄露用户隐私信息。

5、Session与Cookie的对比

共同点:都是用来保存用户状态的;都会过期
Session:在服务器端保存用户信息,保存的是Object类型,随会话的结束而将其存储的数据销毁,保存重要的信息。
Cookie:在客户端保存用户信息,保存的是String类型,可以长期保存在客户端,保存不重要的用户信息。

6、Session与Cookie对比

这里写图片描述

7、Cookie的使用

先贴上代码
登录页面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">    <!--    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">    -->  </head>  <body>    <h1>用户登录</h1>    <hr>    <%       request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");      String username="";      String password = "";      Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();      if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)      {           for(Cookie c:cookies)           {              if(c.getName().equals("username"))              {                   username =  URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");              }              if(c.getName().equals("password"))              {                   password =  URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");              }           }      }    %>    <form name="loginForm" action="dologin.jsp" method="post">       <table>         <tr>           <td>用户名:</td>           <td><input type="text" name="username" value="<%=username %>"/></td>         </tr>         <tr>           <td>密码:</td>           <td><input type="password" name="password" value="<%=password %>" /></td>         </tr>         <tr>           <td colspan="2"><input type="checkbox" name="isUseCookie" checked="checked"/>十天内记住我的登录状态</td>         </tr>         <tr>           <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="登录"/><input type="reset" value="取消"/></td>         </tr>       </table>    </form>  </body></html>

dologin.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">    <title>My JSP 'dologin.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">    <!--    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">    -->  </head>  <body>    <h1>登录成功</h1>    <hr>    <br>    <br>    <br>    <%        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");       //首先判断用户是否选择了记住登录状态       String[] isUseCookies = request.getParameterValues("isUseCookie");       if(isUseCookies!=null&&isUseCookies.length>0)       {          //把用户名和密码保存在Cookie对象里面          String username = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("username"),"utf-8");          //使用URLEncoder解决无法在Cookie当中保存中文字符串问题          String password = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("password"),"utf-8");          Cookie usernameCookie = new Cookie("username",username);          Cookie passwordCookie = new Cookie("password",password);          usernameCookie.setMaxAge(864000);          passwordCookie.setMaxAge(864000);//设置最大生存期限为10response.addCookie(usernameCookie);          response.addCookie(passwordCookie);       }       else       {          Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();          if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)          {             for(Cookie c:cookies)             {                if(c.getName().equals("username")||c.getName().equals("password"))                {                    c.setMaxAge(0); //设置Cookie失效                    response.addCookie(c); //重新保存。                }             }          }       }    %>    <a href="users.jsp" target="_blank">查看用户信息</a>  </body></html>

获取Cookie的信息

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">    <title>My JSP 'users.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">    <!--    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">    -->  </head>  <body>    <h1>用户信息</h1>    <hr>    <%       request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");      String username="";      String password = "";      Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();      if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)      {           for(Cookie c:cookies)           {              if(c.getName().equals("username"))              {                   username = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");              }              if(c.getName().equals("password"))              {                   password = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");              }           }      }    %>    <BR>    <BR>    <BR>         用户名:<%=username %><br>         密码:<%=password %><br>  </body></html>
原创粉丝点击