vsftpd服务

1.ftp概念

FTP ( 文件传输协议 ) 是 INTERNET 上仍常用的最老的网络协议
之一 , 它为系统提供了通过网络与远程服务器进行传输的简单方法
在 RED HAT ENTREPRISE LINUX 7 中。 FTP 服务器包的名
称为 VSFTPD , 它代表 Very Secure File TransferProtocol
Damon 服务器名称也叫做 vsftpd
默认配置文件让 ANONYMOUS 用户只能下载位于 CHROOT 目
录中的内容。 /var/ftp/ 这意味着远程 FTP 客户端能以用户
anonymous 或 ftp 身份连接到服务器 ( 无需密码 ), 并从 ftp
服务器上的 /var/ftp/ 目录下载文件 ( 其本地 ftp 用户可以读取这
些文件 )

2.安装ftp

yum install vsftpd -y
systemctl start vsftpd
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl enable vsftpd
lftp ip ##能登陆并且显示，表示安装成功

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip addr show1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000    link/ether 52:54:00:00:0b:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 172.25.254.111/24 brd 172.25.254.255 scope global eth0       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:b0b/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir /iso[root@localhost Desktop]# mv rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /iso[root@localhost Desktop]# [root@localhost Desktop]# mount /iso/rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /mntmount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only[root@localhost Desktop]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo[root@localhost Desktop]# nm-connection-editor [root@localhost Desktop]# ping 172.25.254.11PING 172.25.254.11 (172.25.254.11) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 172.25.254.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.199 ms64 bytes from 172.25.254.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.127 ms^C--- 172.25.254.11 ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.127/0.163/0.199/0.036 ms[root@localhost Desktop]# yum install vsftpd -yLoaded plugins: langpacksserver                                                   | 4.1 kB     00:00     (1/2): server/group_gz                                     | 136 kB   00:00     (2/2): server/primary_db                                   | 3.6 MB   00:00     Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package         Arch            Version                  Repository       Size================================================================================Installing: vsftpd          x86_64          3.0.2-10.el7             server          167 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install  1 PackageTotal download size: 167 kInstalled size: 347 kDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64                                   1/1   Verifying  : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64                                   1/1 Installed:  vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7                                                  Complete![root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl start vsftpd[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl enable vsftpdln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service'[root@localhost Desktop]# 

3.vsftpd文件信息

/var/ftp ##默认发布目录
/etc/vsftpd ##配置目录

4.vsftpd服务的配置参数

1）匿名用户设定

anonymous_enable=YES|NO ##匿名用户登陆限制

匿名用户上传

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

chgrp ftp /var/ftp/pub
chmod 775 /var/ftp/pub

匿名用户家目录修改

anon_root=/direcotry

匿名用户上传文件默认权限修改

anon_umask=xxx

匿名用户建立目录

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES|NO

匿名用户下载

anon_world_readable_only=YES|NO ##设定参数值为no表示匿名用户可以下载

匿名用户删除

anon_other_write_enable=YES|NO

匿名用户使用的用户身份修改

chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=student
chown_uploads_mode=0644

最大上传速率

anon_max_rate=102400

最大链接数

max_clients=2

2)本地用户设定

local_enable=YES|NO ##本地用户登陆限制
write_enable=YES|NO ##本地用户写权限限制

本地用户家目录修改

local_root=/directory

本地用户上传文件权限

local_umask=xxx

限制本地用户浏览 / 目录

所有用户被锁定到自己的家目录中
chroot_local_user=YES
chmod u-w /home/*

用户黑名单建立

chroot_local_user=NO
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

用户白名单建立

chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

限制本地用户登陆

vim /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers ##用户黑名单
vim /etc/vsftpd/user_list ##用户临时黑名单

用户白名单设定

userlist_deny=NO
/etc/vsftpd/user_list ##参数设定，此文件变成用户白名单，只在名单中出现的用户可以登陆ftp

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf## The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.## READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's# capabilities.## Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).anonymous_enable=YES## Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dirlocal_enable=YES## Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.write_enable=YES## Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)local_umask=022## Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you wil# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_accessanon_upload_enable=NO## Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create# new directories.#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES## Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they# go into a certain directory.dirmessage_enable=YES## Activate logging of uploads/downloads.xferlog_enable=YES## Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).connect_from_port_20=YES## If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not# recommended!#chown_uploads=YES#chown_username=whoever## You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown# below.#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog## If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.xferlog_std_format=YES## You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.#idle_session_timeout=600## You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.#data_connection_timeout=120## It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.#nopriv_user=ftpsecure## Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,# however, may confuse older FTP clients.#async_abor_enable=YES## By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the# raw file.# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.#ascii_upload_enable=YES#ascii_download_enable=YES## You may fully customise the login banner string:#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.## You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.#deny_email_enable=YES# (default follows)#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails## You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of# users to NOT chroot().# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the# chroot)#chroot_local_user=YES#chroot_list_enable=YES# (default follows)#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list## You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.#ls_recurse_enable=YES## When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction# with the listen_ipv6 directive.listen=NO## This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration# files.# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!listen_ipv6=YESpam_service_name=vsftpduserlist_enable=YEStcp_wrappers=YES

ftp虚拟用户的设定

创建虚拟帐号身份)
vim /etc/vsftpd/loginusers ##文件名称任意
ftpuser1
123
ftpuser2
123
ftpuser3
123

db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/loginusers loginusers.db

vim /etc/pam.d/ckvsftpd ##文件名称任意
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
pam_service_name=ckvsftpd
guest_enable=YES

虚拟帐号身份指定

guest_username=ftpuser
chmod u-w /home/ftpuser

虚拟帐号家目录独立设定

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
local_root=/ftpuserhome/USERusersubtoken=USER

mkdir /ftpuserhome
chgrp ftpuser /ftpuserhome
chmod g+s /ftpuserhome
mkdir /ftpuserhome/ftpuser{1..3}mkdir /ftpuserhome
chgrp ftpuser /ftpuserhome
chmod g+s /ftpuserhome
mkdir /ftpuserhome/ftpuser{1..3}

总体的设定，配置文件如图

现在实验，user1身份进入后，进入了自己的家目录下，成功

虚拟帐号配置独立

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/userconf
mkdir -p /etc/vsftpd/userconf

vim /etc/vsftpd/userconf/ftpuser1
在此文件中设定配置文件中的所有参数，此文件的优先级搞