洛谷P3612 [USACO17JAN]Secret Cow Code秘密奶牛码

来源:互联网 发布:java list map 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/22 04:29

题目描述

The cows are experimenting with secret codes, and have devised a method for creating an infinite-length string to be used as part of one of their codes.

Given a string s, let F(s) be s followed by s “rotated” one character to the right (in a right rotation, the last character of sss rotates around and becomes the new first character). Given an initial string sss, the cows build their infinite-length code string by repeatedly applying F; each step therefore doubles the length of the current string.

Given the initial string and an index N, please help the cows compute the character at the Nth position within the infinite code string.

奶牛正在试验秘密代码,并设计了一种方法来创建一个无限长的字符串作为其代码的一部分使用。

给定一个字符串,让后面的字符旋转一次(每一次正确的旋转,最后一个字符都会成为新的第一个字符)。也就是说,给定一个初始字符串,之后的每一步都会增加当前字符串的长度。

给定初始字符串和索引,请帮助奶牛计算无限字符串中位置N的字符。
输入输出格式
输入格式:

The input consists of a single line containing a string followed by N. The string consists of at most 30 uppercase characters, and N1018.

Note that N may be too large to fit into a standard 32-bit integer, so you may want to use a 64-bit integer type (e.g., a “long long” in C/C++).

第一行输入一个字符串。该字符串包含最多30个大写字母,并 N1018

第二行输入N。请注意,数据可能很大,放进一个标准的32位整数可能不够,所以你可能要使用一个64位的整数类型(例如,在C / C++ 中是 long long)。

输出格式:

Please output the Nth character of the infinite code built from the initial string. The first character is N=1

请输出从初始字符串生成的无限字符串中的位置的字符。第一个字符是 N=1.。

输入输出样例
输入样例#1:

COW 8

输出样例#1:

C

说明

In this example, the initial string COW expands as follows:

COW -> COWWCO -> COWWCOOCOWWC

12345678

感谢@y_z_h 的翻译


考试做的题……一开始在考场上想的是递归分治,结果因为longlong然后爆栈了.分治的思想还是很好想的显然我们可以把当前串分成两部分一个是原串,一个是操作串,操作串实际是由原串整体后移一位得到的,那么就是newi=oldi1且当i1=0i的值应为oldold.len所以把这种操作方式直接用while处理出来,就避免了爆栈的危险
放上代码

#include <iostream>using namespace std;string s;long long n,temp=1,l;int main(){    cin>>s>>n;    l=s.length();    for(temp=l;temp<=n;temp<<=1);//原串的长度每次翻倍    temp>>=1;    n-=1;//一定要减一,因为sting从0开始    while(temp>=l){        if(n>=temp){            n-=temp;            if(n==0)n=temp-1;            else n-=1;        }        temp>>=1;    }    cout<<s[n%l]<<endl;    return 0;}