Android源码(10) --- Binder(4) ServiceManager 启动
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纵观Binder通讯过程,无不在跟ServiceManager打交道,了解ServiceManager 交互流程就显得很有必要了。ServiceManager分为启动和、获取、添加、注册服务。首先从启动过程来了解,ServiceManager如何成为Binder守护进程。
源码路径android/system/core/rootdir/init.rcandroid/frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/ |-- service_manager.c |-- binder.cBinder内核
1 启动ServiceManager
- 1.Android在init进程启动以后,通过脚本init.rc,启动ServiceManager:
|– init.rc
service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager class core user system group system critical onrestart restart healthd onrestart restart zygote onrestart restart media onrestart restart surfaceflinger onrestart restart drm
对应执行程序/system/bin/servicemanager,源码service_manager.c。下一步追踪一下service_manager.c的main()入口程序。
2.1 main
|– service_manager.c
int main(int argc, char **argv){ struct binder_state *bs; // 打开Binder驱动..并申请128字节内存 bs = binder_open(128*1024); if (!bs) { ALOGE("failed to open binder driver\n"); return -1; } // 变成 Context Manager if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) { ALOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } // 判断 selinux 权限能否使用 selinux_enabled = is_selinux_enabled(); sehandle = selinux_android_service_context_handle(); selinux_status_open(true); if (selinux_enabled > 0) { if (sehandle == NULL) { // 获取sehandle 权限失败 ALOGE("SELinux: Failed to acquire sehandle. Aborting.\n"); abort(); } if (getcon(&service_manager_context) != 0) { // 获取service_manager 上下文失败 ALOGE("SELinux: Failed to acquire service_manager context. Aborting.\n"); abort(); } } union selinux_callback cb; cb.func_audit = audit_callback; selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_AUDIT, cb); cb.func_log = selinux_log_callback; selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb); // 进入 binder 循环 binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler); return 0;}
- mian 入口函数一共处理了三件事:
- 1.打开Binder驱动并申请内存
- 2.告诉Binder驱动成为Binder的上下文管理者(ServiceManager成为守护进程)
- 3.开启循环,处理IPC请求(等待Client请求)
2.2 binder_open
在ServiceManaer 的main入口第一步看到打开Binder驱动,调用了binder_open。binder_open又做了哪些具体的工作呢?
|– binder.c
struct binder_state *binder_open(size_t mapsize){ struct binder_state *bs; // 初始化状态参数 struct binder_version vers; bs = malloc(sizeof(*bs)); if (!bs) { errno = ENOMEM; return NULL; } //打开 Binder 设备驱动 bs->fd = open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR); if (bs->fd < 0) { fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot open device (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); goto fail_open; //打开失败 } //系统调用 ioctl获取binder版本信息 if ((ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers) == -1) || (vers.protocol_version != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION)) { fprintf(stderr, "binder: kernel driver version (%d) differs from user space version (%d)\n", vers.protocol_version, BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION); goto fail_open;//内核空间与用户空间的binder不是同一版本 } bs->mapsize = mapsize; // 系统调用,mmap内存映射,必须是page的整数倍 bs->mapped = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, bs->fd, 0); if (bs->mapped == MAP_FAILED) { fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot map device (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); goto fail_map; // 映射失败 } return bs;fail_map: // 映射失败关闭 close(bs->fd);fail_open: // 打开驱动失败 free(bs); return NULL;}// 初始化状态参数struct binder_state{ int fd; // binder_open中 /dev/binder的描述 void *mapped; // 指向mmap映射地址 size_t mapsize;// 分配内存大小 默认128字节};
- 打开Binder驱动相关操作:
- 初始化状态参数 binder_state
- 通过open打开Binder驱动
- 通过ioctl()校验内核空间Binder与用户空间Binder是否版本一致
- 映射mmap内存
2.3 binder_become_context_manager
- 在ServiceManaer 的main入口第一步看到打开Binder驱动,调用了binder_open。随后执行了binder_become_context_manager。使Binder成为上下文的管理者,具体的操作解读一下源码来看看
|– binder.c
int binder_become_context_manager(struct binder_state *bs){ //通过ioctl,传递BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR指令 return ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR, 0);}
- 1.这里直接调用系统ioctl()方法。由于没找到kernel/drivers/android/binder.c源码文件。这里主要梳理一下调用逻辑好了
- ioctl() 后会回调binder_ioctl(),根据BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR参数,最终调用binder_ioctl_set_ctx_mgr(),过程中会持有binder_main_lock。
- 3.binder_ioctl_set_ctx_mgr中首先保证只创建一次mgr_node对象,并将当前线程euid作为Service Manager的uid。在最后通过binder_new_node创建ServiceManager类
- 4.binder_new_node 中创建binder_node给新创建对象分配内存空间,同时将新创建的node对象添加到proc红黑树;最后init两个队列:async_todo和binder_work。
2.4 binder_loop
在执行了binder_become_context_manager之后,调用了binder_loop开启循环,处理IPC请求。查看其源码:
void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func){ int res; struct binder_write_read bwr; uint32_t readbuf[32]; bwr.write_size = 0; bwr.write_consumed = 0; bwr.write_buffer = 0; readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER; //将BC_ENTER_LOOPER命令传递给binder驱动,使Service Manager进入循环 binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t)); for (;;) { bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf); bwr.read_consumed = 0; bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf; //进入循环,不断地binder读写过程 res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr); if (res < 0) { ALOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); break; } // 解析binder信息 res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func); if (res == 0) { ALOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n"); break; } if (res < 0) { ALOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno)); break; } }}
主要操作:
* binder_write通过ioctl()将BC_ENTER_LOOPER命令发送给binder驱动,ServiceManager进入循环
* 进入循环,不断读写
* 读写需要进行 binder_parse 解析
2.4.1 binder_write
- binder_loop 中将BC_ENTER_LOOPER命令发送给binder驱动,ServiceManager进入循环
|– binder.c
int binder_write(struct binder_state *bs, void *data, size_t len){ struct binder_write_read bwr; int res; bwr.write_size = len; bwr.write_consumed = 0; bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t) data;//这里data为BC_ENTER_LOOPER bwr.read_size = 0; bwr.read_consumed = 0; bwr.read_buffer = 0; res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr); if (res < 0) { fprintf(stderr,"binder_write: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); } return res;}
- 这里其实将传递过来的BC_ENTER_LOOPER通过ioctl()调用回调给binder_ioctl
2.4.2 binder_ioctl
- binder_ioctl中通过binder_ioctl_write_read将用户空间的binder_write_read结构体拷贝到内核空间.
- 如果层次是有缓存数据,通过binder_thread_write,从bwr.write_buffer拿出cmd数据,设置线程的looper状态为BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED
2.5 binder_parse
- 在循环读写过程中,对相应的binder进行解析,查看binder_parse源码:
int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio, uintptr_t ptr, size_t size, binder_handler func){ int r = 1; uintptr_t end = ptr + (uintptr_t) size; while (ptr < end) { uint32_t cmd = *(uint32_t *) ptr; ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);#if TRACE fprintf(stderr,"%s:\n", cmd_name(cmd));#endif switch(cmd) { case BR_NOOP: break; case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: break; case BR_INCREFS: case BR_ACQUIRE: case BR_RELEASE: case BR_DECREFS:#if TRACE fprintf(stderr," %p, %p\n", (void *)ptr, (void *)(ptr + sizeof(void *)));#endif ptr += sizeof(struct binder_ptr_cookie); break; case BR_TRANSACTION: { struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr; if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) { ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n"); return -1; } binder_dump_txn(txn); if (func) { unsigned rdata[256/4]; struct binder_io msg; struct binder_io reply; int res; bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4); bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn); res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply); binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data.ptr.buffer, res); } ptr += sizeof(*txn); break; } case BR_REPLY: { struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr; if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) { ALOGE("parse: reply too small!\n"); return -1; } binder_dump_txn(txn); if (bio) { bio_init_from_txn(bio, txn); bio = 0; } else { /* todo FREE BUFFER */ } ptr += sizeof(*txn); r = 0; break; } case BR_DEAD_BINDER: { struct binder_death *death = (struct binder_death *)(uintptr_t) *(binder_uintptr_t *)ptr; ptr += sizeof(binder_uintptr_t); death->func(bs, death->ptr); break; } case BR_FAILED_REPLY: r = -1; break; case BR_DEAD_REPLY: r = -1; break; default: ALOGE("parse: OOPS %d\n", cmd); return -1; } } return r;}
- 参考ServiceManager中开启循环时的调用, binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler)
- ptr 指向BC_ENTER_LOOPER,func指向svcmgr_handler;
2.6 svcmgr_handler
|– service_manager.c
继续查看ServiceManager中的svcmgr_handler源码:
int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_transaction_data *txn, struct binder_io *msg, struct binder_io *reply){ struct svcinfo *si; uint16_t *s; size_t len; uint32_t handle; uint32_t strict_policy; int allow_isolated; //ALOGI("target=%p code=%d pid=%d uid=%d\n", // (void*) txn->target.ptr, txn->code, txn->sender_pid, txn->sender_euid); if (txn->target.ptr != BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER) return -1; if (txn->code == PING_TRANSACTION) return 0; // Equivalent to Parcel::enforceInterface(), reading the RPC // header with the strict mode policy mask and the interface name. // Note that we ignore the strict_policy and don't propagate it // further (since we do no outbound RPCs anyway). strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg); s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); if (s == NULL) { return -1; } if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) || memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) { fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s, len)); return -1; } if (sehandle && selinux_status_updated() > 0) { struct selabel_handle *tmp_sehandle = selinux_android_service_context_handle(); if (tmp_sehandle) { selabel_close(sehandle); sehandle = tmp_sehandle; } } switch(txn->code) { case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE: // 获取服务 case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE: //查找服务 s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); if (s == NULL) { return -1; } handle = do_find_service(bs, s, len, txn->sender_euid, txn->sender_pid); if (!handle) break; bio_put_ref(reply, handle); return 0; case SVC_MGR_ADD_SERVICE: // 查找服务 s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); if (s == NULL) { return -1; } handle = bio_get_ref(msg); allow_isolated = bio_get_uint32(msg) ? 1 : 0; if (do_add_service(bs, s, len, handle, txn->sender_euid, allow_isolated, txn->sender_pid)) return -1; break; case SVC_MGR_LIST_SERVICES: { // 列举服务list uint32_t n = bio_get_uint32(msg); if (!svc_can_list(txn->sender_pid)) { ALOGE("list_service() uid=%d - PERMISSION DENIED\n", txn->sender_euid); return -1; } si = svclist; while ((n-- > 0) && si) si = si->next; if (si) { bio_put_string16(reply, si->name); return 0; } return -1; } default: ALOGE("unknown code %d\n", txn->code); return -1; } bio_put_uint32(reply, 0); return 0;}
- 该方法提供了查询服务,添加注册服务,列举服务list功能。
总结
ServiceManager通过init.rc脚本启动成为Android 进程间通信机制Binder的守护进程的过程:
* 1.打开Binder驱动 /dev/binder文件:open(“/dev/binder”, O_RDWR)
* 2.申请128k内存随后并建立映射: mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, bs->fd, 0)
* 3.告诉Binder驱动成为Binder的上下文管理者(ServiceManager成为其守护进程):binder_become_context_manager(struct binder_state *bs)
* 4.开启循环,处理IPC请求(等待Client请求):binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);
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