pip install 报错问题解决

有时在用pip install命令安装python库时出现红字报错

1.报错：ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=’pypi.python.org’, port=443): Read timed out.

Downloading xgboost-0.6a2.tar.gz (1.2MB)    48% |███████████████▋                | 583kB 47kB/s eta 0:00:13Exception:Traceback (most recent call last):  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main    status = self.run(options, args)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 335, in run    wb.build(autobuilding=True)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 749, in build    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 620, in _prepare_file    session=self.session, hashes=hashes)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 821, in unpack_url    hashes=hashes  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 659, in unpack_http_url    hashes)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 882, in _download_http_url    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 603, in _download_url    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\hashes.py", line 46, in check_against_chunks    for chunk in chunks:  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 571, in written_chunks    for chunk in chunks:  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\ui.py", line 139, in iter    for x in it:  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 560, in resp_read    decode_content=False):  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 357, in stream    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 324, in read    flush_decoder = True  File "c:\python27\lib\contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)  File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 246, in _error_catcher    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed out.

错误原因：连不上pip的源，下载依赖包失败

解决1(推荐)：在pip安装所在文件夹路径下，创造python文件(.py)

import os  ini="""[global] index-url = https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ [install] trusted-host=pypi.doubanio.com """  pippath=os.environ["USERPROFILE"]+"\\pip\\"  if not os.path.exists(pippath):      os.mkdir(pippath)  with open(pippath+"pip.ini","w+") as f:      f.write(ini)  

在cmd上运行这个.py文件即可

之后再用pip install安装指令下载速度会非常快

解决2：修改加大超时时间

pip --default-timeout=100 install -U pip

如下指令安装

pip --default-timeout=100 install -U scrapy(库名）

解决3：到https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/下载相对应的.whl文件

下载完之后，在用pip安装：

pip install (path)/pip-8.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl

2.报错：PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: ‘c:\program files\python35\Lib\site-packages\xlwt’

Exception:Traceback (most recent call last):  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 211, in main    status = self.run(options, args)  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 311, in run    root=options.root_path,  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 646, in install    **kwargs  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 803, in install    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 998, in move_wheel_files    isolated=self.isolated,  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 339, inmove_wheel_files    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 310, inclobber    ensure_dir(destdir)  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 71, in ensure_dir    os.makedirs(path)  File "c:\program files\python35\lib\os.py", line 241, in makedirs    mkdir(name, mode)PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'c:\\program files\\python35\\Lib\\site-packages\\xlwt'

解决：

点击python27文件夹->右键属性->安全->编辑->完全控制->允许->保存

3.报错：UnicodeDecodeError: ‘ascii’ codec can’t decode byte 0xd3 in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)

Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py”, line 215, in main status = self.run(options, args) File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py”, line 324, in run requirement_set.prepare_files(finder) File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py”, line 380, in prepare_files ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies)) File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py”, line 620, in _prepare_file session=self.session, hashes=hashes) File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py”, line 821, in unpack_url hashes=hashes File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py”, line 659, in unpack_http_url hashes) File “c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py”, line 880, in _download_http_url file_path = os.path.join(temp_dir, filename) File “c:\python27\lib\ntpath.py”, line 85, in join result_path = result_path + p_path UnicodeDecodeError: ‘ascii’ codec can’t decode byte 0xd3 in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)

报错原因：pip安装Python包会加载目录包含中文字符，ascii不能编码

解决：python目录 Python27\Lib\site-packages 建一个文件sitecustomize.py

import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('gbk') 

python会自动运行这个文件