struts2--详细了解struts2框架的校验器

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和拦截器一样，struts2提供了内置校验器。在/com/opensymphony/xwork2/validator/validators/default.xml下。具体如：

default.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC        "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator Config 1.0//EN"        "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-config-1.0.dtd"><!-- START SNIPPET: validators-default --><validators>    <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>    <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>    <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>    <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>    <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>    <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>    <validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/></validators><!--  END SNIPPET: validators-default -->

1、转换校验器（conversion）：

字段校验风格：

<validators>    <field name = "user.age">    <field-validator type = "conversion">       <param name = "repoplateField">true</param><!--类型转化失败，仍保留原来的错误输入-->       <message>你的年龄必须是一个整数</message>    </field-validator>   </field></validators>

非字段校验器配置风格：

<validators>    <validator type = "conversion">       <param name = "fieldName">user.age</param>       <param name = "repoplateField">false</param>       <message>你的年龄必须是一个整数</message>  </validator></validators>

2、邮件地址校验器(email)：

    <field name = "user.email">    <field-validator type = "email">       <message>您的邮件格式不正确</message>    </field-validator>   </field>

3、网址校验器(url)：

    <field name = "字段名">    <field-validator type = "url">       <message>提示错误信息</message>    </field-validator>   </field>

4、表达式校验器（expression）：（不可用在字段校验确配置风格中）

表达式校验器的名字：expression，它是一个非字段校验器，不可在字段校验器中使用它，该表达式要求OGNL表达式返回TRUE；当返回TRUE时，该校验通过，否则就算该校验没有通过！

参数：

expression：该参数指定一个逻辑表达式，该逻辑表达式基于ValueStack进行求值，最后返回一个Boolean值，当返回TRUE时校验通过，否则校验失败

  <validator type = "expression">     <param name = "expression">……</param>     <message>提示错误信息</message>  </validator>

5、必填校验器（required）:检查字段必须有值(null)

<field name="user.password"><field-validator type="required"><message>请输入密码</message></field-validator></field>

由于是和null作比较，而表单提交的是字符串，当不填写任何内容时为""，导致无法达到效果。当表单提交没有此字段时为null，如：

  <body>  <s:debug/>    <s:form action = "login" method = "post">     <s:textfield name = "user.username" label = "用户名"/>    <!-- <s:password name = "user.password" label = "密码"/> -->      <s:textfield name = "user.age" label = "年龄"/>     <s:textfield name = "user.tel" label = "电话"/>     <s:textfield name = "user.birthday" label = "生日"/>     <s:submit value = "提交"/>    </s:form>  </body>

debug看结果：

6、字符串长度校验器(requiredstring)：

<field name="user.username"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="doTrim">true</param>      <!--doTrim除去字符串前后空格--><message>用户名不能为空</message></field-validator></field>

7、整数校验器（int）：

   <field name = "user.age">    <field-validator type = "int">       <param name = "min">1</param>       <param name = "max">100</param>       <message>输入的年龄必须在1-100之间</message>    </field-validator>   </field>

8、日期校验类型（date）

   <field name = "user.birthday">    <field-validator type = "date">       <param name = "min">1990-01-01</param>       <param name = "max">2020-01-01</param>       <message>请正确输入生日</message>     </field-validator>   </field>

9、字段表达式校验器（fieldexpression）

<field name="user.repassword"><field-validator type="fieldexpression">    <param name = "expression"><![CDATA[user.password==user.repassword]]></param><message>两次密码不一致</message></field-validator></field>

10、正则表达式校验器（regex)

  <field name = "user.password">    <field-validator type = "regex">       <param name = "expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6})]]></param>       <message>${getText("user.password.regex")}</message>    </field-validator>   </field>

11、visitor校验器：

该属性用于检测Action里的复合属性（如User对象等）以User对象为例说明：

LoginAction.java:

package com.action;import com.bean.User;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{ private User user; public String execute() {return SUCCESS;}public User getUser() {return user;}public void setUser(User user) {this.user = user;} }

LoginAction-validation.xml配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC  "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"  "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd"><validators>  <field name = "user">      <field-validator type = "visitor">     <!-- 指定校验规则的文件context -->         <param name = "context">userContext</param>         <!-- 指定校验失败后的提示信息是否添加下面的前缀 -->         <param name = "appendPrefix">true</param><!-- 默认为true -->         <message>用户的：</message>     </field-validator>  </field></validators>

为User属性配置单独的校验文件，默认的文件名应为User-validation.xml，因为在LoginAction-validation.xml文件中指明了visitor的context属性userContext，因此校验文件名应为User-userContext-validation.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC  "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"  "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">  <validators> <field name="username"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="doTrim">true</param><message>用户名不能为空</message></field-validator></field></validators>

该配置文件需要和User.java在同一目录下，否则校验器不起作用

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