java学习笔记(4)-Hashtable类

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1.几个变量值:

private transient Entry<?,?>[] table;private transient int count;private int threshold;private float loadFactor;private transient int modCount = 0;

对比上一篇介绍的HashMap,这几个变量表达的意思基本上差不多


2.构造函数:

    public Hashtable() {        this(11, 0.75f);    }

    public Hashtable(int initialCapacity) {        this(initialCapacity, 0.75f);    }

    public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {        if (initialCapacity < 0)            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+                                               initialCapacity);        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);        if (initialCapacity==0)            initialCapacity = 1;        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;        table = new Entry<?,?>[initialCapacity];        threshold = (int)Math.min(initialCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);    }

    public Hashtable(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t) {        this(Math.max(2*t.size(), 11), 0.75f);        putAll(t);    }

注意和HashMap的区别:

Hashtable的初始容量是11,加载因子是0.75;HashMap初始容量是16,加载因子是0.75


3.Hashtable的put方法

    public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {        // Make sure the value is not null        if (value == null) {            throw new NullPointerException();//vauel不能为空        }        // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;        int hash = key.hashCode();//因为这里是直接用的hashCode,key是不能为空的        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;//取得index值        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];        for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {//遍历链表            if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {//节点key相同,直接覆盖value                V old = entry.value;                entry.value = value;                return old;            }        }        addEntry(hash, key, value, index);//节点不相同则添加        return null;    }


    private void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int index) {        modCount++;        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;        if (count >= threshold) {//hashtable键值对个数大于阈值,则扩容,重新计算hash,重新计算index            // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded            rehash();            tab = table;            hash = key.hashCode();            index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;        }        // Creates the new entry.        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>) tab[index];        tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);//直接添加新节点        count++;    }



注意;

Hashtable中的value不能为null,key也不能为空,,Hashtable中的hash是直接取key的hashCode,下面是HashMap中的hash

    static final int hash(Object key) {        int h;        return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);    }

Hashtable中取index方法是:(hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % length

HashMap中取index方法是:(n - 1) & hash

Hashtable中的put方法是同步的


4.扩容

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    protected void rehash() {        int oldCapacity = table.length;        Entry<?,?>[] oldMap = table;        // overflow-conscious code        int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;//扩容后的键值对大小为old*2+1        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) {            if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)                // Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets                return;            newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;        }        Entry<?,?>[] newMap = new Entry<?,?>[newCapacity];        modCount++;        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);        table = newMap;        for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {            for (Entry<K,V> old = (Entry<K,V>)oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {                Entry<K,V> e = old;                old = old.next;                int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;                e.next = (Entry<K,V>)newMap[index];                newMap[index] = e;            }        }    }


5.get方法

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public synchronized V get(Object key) {        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;        int hash = key.hashCode();        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;        for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {                return (V)e.value;            }        }        return null;    }

输入参数key,进行hash,找到index,遍历index中的链表,找到节点hash相等且key值相等的节点,返回其节点的value即是

该方法也是同步的,线程安全


总结(主要是与HashMap的不同):

1.Hashtable中key,value都不能是null;HashMap中key,value是可以为null的;

2.Hashtable中的大部分方法都是同步的,是线程安全的;HashMap中方法未进行同步,是线程不安全的;

3.HashMap默认的容量大小是16;增加容量时,每次将容量变为“原始容量x2”。
   Hashtable默认的容量大小是11;增加容量时,每次将容量变为“原始容量x2 + 1”

4.hash算法不同,Hashtable没有自定义hash算法:HashMap自定义了hash算法;

//Hashtable中的hash算法int hash=key.hashCode();//HashMap中的hash算法:    static final int hash(Object key) {        int h;        return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);    }


5.取table数组中的index方式不同:

Hashtable中取index方法是:(hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % length

HashMap中取index方法是:(n - 1) & hash

6.table中节点的处理方式不同:

Hashtable中hash冲突时,节点都是链表形式,而HashMap中在发生碰撞时,若链表长度大于默认值8则将链表转化成红黑树结构



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