使用ConfigParser模块解析普通文件

ConfigParser模块是Python中专门用来读取配置文件的包。配置文件的格式如下：中括号“[ ]”内包含的为section。section 下面为类似于key-value 的配置内容：

# build.ini[db]db_host = 127.0.0.1db_port = 22db_user = rootdb_pass = 1234[handle]handle_thread = 10handle_processor = 20

常见的处理方法如下：

import ConfigParser as cp### 初始化实例，并读取配置文件cf = cp.ConfigParser()cf.read("build.ini")### 获取所有sectionsst = cf.sections()print 'section:', st### 获取指定sections的optionsop = cf.options("db")print 'options:', op### 获取指定section的配置信息vl = cf.items("db")print 'db_k==v:', vl### 按照类型读取指定section的option信息# get()           //-->获取字符串变量# getint()        //-->获取整数型变量# getfloat()      //-->获取浮点型变量# getboolean()    //-->获取布尔型变量db_host = cf.get("db", "db_host")db_port = cf.getint("db", "db_port")db_user = cf.get("db", "db_user")db_pass = cf.get("db", "db_pass")print "db_host:", db_hostprint "db_port:", db_portprint "db_user:", db_userprint "db_pass:", db_pass### 设置某个option的值，用w来保存设置cf.set("db", "db_pass", "4321")cf.write(open("build.ini", "w"))### 添加一个section，用w来保存设置cf.add_section("system")cf.set("system", "system_os", "Linux")cf.set("system", "system_admin", "root")cf.set("system", "system_version", "4.11.12")cf.write(open("build.ini", "w"))### 移除section或者option，用w来保存设置cf.remove_option("system","system_os")cf.remove_section("system")cf.write(open("build.ini", "w"))

上面的输出大概如下：

section: ['db', 'handle']options: ['db_host', 'db_port', 'db_user', 'db_pass']db_k==v: [('db_host', '127.0.0.1'), ('db_port', '22'), ('db_user', 'root'), ('db_pass', '4321')]db_host: 127.0.0.1db_port: 22db_user: rootdb_pass: 4321

如果配置文件不是上面标准的格式，要如何解析

# 配置文件名：build.inidb_host = 127.0.0.1db_port = 22db_user = rootdb_pass = 4321

一般能想到的处理办法：

user = ''port = 0with open(r'build.ini','r') as fd:    for line in fd:        if line.split('=')[0].strip() == 'db_user':            user = line.split('=')[1]        if line.split('=')[0].strip() == 'db_port':            port = line.split('=')[1]print 'user: %s port: %s' % (user, port)

上面的配置文件build.ini不是标准的ini，缺少section，简单处理下，就是自己在脚本中添加个[db],然后再处理！

import ConfigParser as cpimport StringIOcfg = cp.RawConfigParser()cfg.readfp(StringIO.StringIO('[db]\n' + open('build.ini').read()))user = cfg.get('db', 'db_user')port = cfg.get('db', 'db_port')print 'user: ', userprint 'port: ', port

经过上面的处理，同样能达到上面的效果，而且代码简洁，输出漂亮，而且更Pythonic