java获取本机ip(排除虚拟机等一些ip)

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首先,你如果搜索“JAVA获取本机IP地址”,基本上搜到的资料全是无用的。
比如这篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
实际上的代码在复杂环境下是不准的

网上一个比较普遍的说法是InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
似乎很简单,但忽略了一个问题,即IP地址在现在的网络环境更加复杂了,比如有Lan,WIFI,蓝牙热点,虚拟机网卡…
即存在很多的网络接口(network interfaces),每个网络接口就包含一个IP地址,并不是所有的IP地址能被外部或局域网访问,比如说虚拟机网卡地址等等。
也就是说InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()的IP不一定是正确的IP。

写代码前,先明确一些规则:

127.xxx.xxx.xxx 属于”loopback” 地址,即只能你自己的本机可见,就是本机地址,比较常见的有127.0.0.1;
192.168.xxx.xxx 属于private 私有地址(site local address),属于本地组织内部访问,只能在本地局域网可见。同样10.xxx.xxx.xxx、从172.16.xxx.xxx 到 172.31.xxx.xxx都是私有地址,也是属于组织内部访问;
169.254.xxx.xxx 属于连接本地地址(link local IP),在单独网段可用
从224.xxx.xxx.xxx 到 239.xxx.xxx.xxx 属于组播地址
比较特殊的255.255.255.255 属于广播地址
除此之外的地址就是点对点的可用的公开IPv4地址

获取本机IP地址的正确姿势:

复制代码
package ipTest;

import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class Test {

public Test() {    // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public static void main(String[] args) {    // TODO Auto-generated method stub    InetAddress ip;    try {        // 这种IP容易拿错        // System.out.println("Current IP address : " +        // InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress());        // 不一定准确的IP拿法        // 出自比如这篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html        System.out.println("get LocalHost Address : " + getLocalHostAddress().getHostAddress());        // 正确的IP拿法        System.out.println("get LocalHost LAN Address : " + getLocalHostLANAddress().getHostAddress());    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {        e.printStackTrace();    }}// 正确的IP拿法,即优先拿site-local地址private static InetAddress getLocalHostLANAddress() throws UnknownHostException {    try {        InetAddress candidateAddress = null;        // 遍历所有的网络接口        for (Enumeration ifaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces(); ifaces.hasMoreElements();) {            NetworkInterface iface = (NetworkInterface) ifaces.nextElement();            // 在所有的接口下再遍历IP            for (Enumeration inetAddrs = iface.getInetAddresses(); inetAddrs.hasMoreElements();) {                InetAddress inetAddr = (InetAddress) inetAddrs.nextElement();                if (!inetAddr.isLoopbackAddress()) {// 排除loopback类型地址                    if (inetAddr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {                        // 如果是site-local地址,就是它了                        return inetAddr;                    } else if (candidateAddress == null) {                        // site-local类型的地址未被发现,先记录候选地址                        candidateAddress = inetAddr;                    }                }            }        }        if (candidateAddress != null) {            return candidateAddress;        }        // 如果没有发现 non-loopback地址.只能用最次选的方案        InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();        if (jdkSuppliedAddress == null) {            throw new UnknownHostException("The JDK InetAddress.getLocalHost() method unexpectedly returned null.");        }        return jdkSuppliedAddress;    } catch (Exception e) {        UnknownHostException unknownHostException = new UnknownHostException(                "Failed to determine LAN address: " + e);        unknownHostException.initCause(e);        throw unknownHostException;    }}//出自这篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html//实际上的代码是不准的private static InetAddress getLocalHostAddress() throws UnknownHostException {    Enumeration allNetInterfaces;    try {        allNetInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();        InetAddress ip = null;        while (allNetInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {            NetworkInterface netInterface = (NetworkInterface) allNetInterfaces.nextElement();            Enumeration addresses = netInterface.getInetAddresses();            while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {                ip = (InetAddress) addresses.nextElement();                if (!ip.isSiteLocalAddress() && !ip.isLoopbackAddress() && ip.getHostAddress().indexOf(":") == -1) {                    if (ip != null && ip instanceof Inet4Address) {                        return ip;                    }                }            }        }    } catch (SocketException e) {        // TODO Auto-generated catch block        e.printStackTrace();    }    InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();    if (jdkSuppliedAddress == null) {        throw new UnknownHostException("The JDK InetAddress.getLocalHost() method unexpectedly returned null.");    }    return jdkSuppliedAddress;}

}