MVC分部视图的使用:Html.Partial/RenderPartial,Html.Action/RenderAction,RenderPage

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ASP.NET MVC 里的部分视图,相当于 Web Form 里的 User Control。我们的页面往往会有许多重用的地方,可以进行封装重用。
使用部分视图有以下优点: 1. 可以简写代码。 2. 页面代码更加清晰、更好维护。
在视图里有多种方法可以 加载部分视图,包括: Partial() 、RenderPartial() 、 Action() 、RenderAction() 、 RenderPage() 方法

一、Partial与RenderPartial

1.Razor 语法: @Html.Partial() 与 @{Html.RenderPartial();}
2.区别:Partial 可以直接输出内容,它内部是 将 html 内容转换为 string 字符(MVCHtmlString)(进行Html编码),然后缓存起来,最后在一次性输出到页面。显然,这个转换的过程,会降低效率,所以通常使用 RenderPartial 代替。 这两者都只是抓取分部视图页面类容,不能执行分部视图方法,所以用Partial或RenderPartial方法来显示分部视图不用建立对应的Action,因为不走Action.

3.实例:

普通调用分部视图

主页 Index.cshtml:

@{    Layout = null;}<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />    <title>Index</title></head><body>    <div>         <h3>我是首页</h3>        <section>            <h2>分部视图</h2>            @Html.Partial("~/Views/Templates/Partial1.cshtml")    //@{Html.RenderPartial("~/Views/Templates/Partial1.cshtml");} </section> </div></body></html>分部视图Partial1.cshtml:<table border="1px solid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">    <tr>        <th>姓名</th>        <th>性别</th>        <th>年龄</th>        <th>电话</th>    </tr>    <tr>        <td>longxi1</td>        <td>男</td>        <td>22</td>        <td>13521187063</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td>longxi1</td>        <td>男</td>        <td>22</td>        <td>13521187063</td>    </tr></table>强类型分部视图:主页 Index.cshtml:@using WebApplication1.Models@{    Layout = null;}@{     List<Student> students = new List<Student>() {        new Student("zhulongxi",22,"男","13521187063"),        new Student("zhulongxi",22,"男","13521187063"),        new Student("zhulongxi",22,"男","13521187063"),        new Student("zhulongxi",22,"男","13521187063"),        new Student("zhulongxi",22,"男","13521187063")    };}<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />    <title>Index</title></head><body>    <div>         <h3>我是首页</h3>        <section>            <h4>分部视图</h4>            @Html.Partial("~/Views/Templates/Partial1.cshtml", students)//如果Partial1.cshtml与Index.cshtml在相同目录,则可以直接写成 @Html.Partial("~/Views/Templates/Partial1.cshtml", students) </section> </div></body></html>

分部视图Partial1.cshtml:

@using WebApplication1.Models;@{     var studentsList = Model as List<Student>;}<table border="1px solid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">    @foreach (Student student in studentsList)    {        <tr>            <th>@student.Name</th>            <th>@student.Gender</th>            <th>@student.Age</th>            <th>@student.Phone</th>        </tr>    }</table>
二、Action与RenderAction

1.Razor 语法:@Html.Action()与@{Html.RenderAction();}
2.区别:Action 也是直接输出,和 Partial 一样,也存在一个转换的过程。不如 RenderAction 直接输出到当前 HttpContext 的效率高。
除此之外,Action与Partial相比,Action访问了控制器中的Action,执行了Action内部的业务。
3.实例:

Index.cshtml:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />    <title>Index</title></head><body>    <div>         <h3>我是首页</h3>        <section>            <h4>分部视图</h4>            @Html.Action("MyPartial", "Home",new { title="学生列表"})        </section>    </div></body></html>

HomController:

public class HomeController : Controller    {        // GET: Home        public ActionResult Index()        {            return View();        }        public ActionResult MyPartial(string title)        {            List<Student> students = new List<Student>() {            new Student("zhulongxi2",22,"男","13521187063"),            new Student("zhulongxi2",22,"男","13521187063"),            new Student("zhulongxi2",22,"男","13521187063"),            new Student("zhulongxi2",22,"男","13521187063"),            new Student("zhulongxi2",22,"男","13521187063")             };            ViewBag.Data = title;            return PartialView("~/Views/Templates/Partial2.cshtml",students);        }    }
Partial2.cshtml:
@using WebApplication1.Models@{     var studentsList = Model as List<Student>;    var data = ViewBag.Data;}@{Response.Write(data); }<table border="1px solid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">    @foreach (Student student in studentsList)    {        <tr>            <th>@student.Name</th>            <th>@student.Gender</th>            <th>@student.Age</th>            <th>@student.Phone</th>        </tr>    }</table>

三、RenderPage

1.Razor语法:@RenderPage()
2.区别:也可以使用 RenderPage 来呈现部分,但它不能使用 原来视图的 Model 和 ViewData ,只能通过参数来传递。而 RenderPartial、RenderAction 可以使用原来视图的 Model 和 ViewData。@RenderPage也并没有执行Action。
3.实例:
不传参数情况:
Index.cshtml:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />    <title>Index</title></head><body>    <div>         <h3>我是首页</h3>        <section>            <h4>分部视图</h4>                     @RenderPage("~/Views/Templates/Partial1.cshtml")        </section>    </div></body></html>
传参数情况:
Index.cshtml:
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />    <title>Index</title></head><body>    <div>         <h3>我是首页</h3>        <section>            <h4>分部视图</h4>           @RenderPage("~/Views/Templates/Partial1.cshtml",new { param1="longxi",param2="男"})        </section>    </div></body></html>
Partial1.cshtml:
@{     var param = string.Format("{0}-{1}", PageData["param1"], PageData["param2"]);}@Html.Raw(param)

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