CSS全屏布局的6种方式

文章转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5458068.html

前面的话

　　全屏布局在实际工作中是很常用的，比如管理系统、监控平台等。本文将介绍关于全屏布局的6种思路

 

float

【1】float + calc

　　通过calc()函数计算出.middle元素的高度，并设置子元素高度为100%

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.middle{    overflow: hidden;    height: calc(100% - 100px);}.left{    float: left;    width: 100px;    margin-right: 20px;    height: 100%;}.right{    overflow: auto;    height: 100%;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}.top,.bottom{height:50px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>      <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">            <p>left</p>        </div>        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">            <div class="right-in">                <p>right</p>            </div>        </div>    </div>              <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

【2】float + absolute + (fix)

　　通过增加结构来提高兼容性，.middle元素设置100%的高度，.top和.bottom设置absolute覆盖在.middle上

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.top,.bottom{    position: absolute;    height:50px;    left: 0;    right: 0;}.top{top: 0;}.bottom{bottom: 0;}.middleWrap{    height: 100%;    overflow: hidden;}.middle{    overflow: hidden;    height: 100%;    margin: 50px 0;}.left{    float: left;    width: 100px;    margin-right: 20px;    height: 100%;}.right{    overflow: auto;    height: 100%;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>      <div class="middleWrap">        <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">            <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">                <p>left</p>            </div>            <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">                <div class="right-in">                    <p>right</p>                </div>            </div>        </div>            </div>     <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

 

inline-block

【1】inline-block + calc

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.middle{    height: calc(100% - 100px);    font-size: 0;}.left,.right{    display: inline-block;    vertical-align: top;    font-size: 16px;}.left{    width: 100px;    margin-right: 20px;    height: 100%;}.right{    width: calc(100% - 120px);    height: 100%;    overflow: auto;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}.top,.bottom{height: 50px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>      <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">            <p>left</p>        </div>        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">            <div class="right-in">                <p>right</p>            </div>        </div>    </div>            <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

【2】inline-block + absolute + (fix)

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.top,.bottom{    position: absolute;    left: 0;    right: 0;    height: 50px;}.top{top: 0;}.bottom{bottom: 0;}.middleWrap{    height: 100%;    font-size: 0;    overflow: hidden;}.middle{    position: relative;    height: 100%;    margin: 50px 0;    overflow: hidden;}.left,.rightWrap{    display: inline-block;    vertical-align: top;    font-size: 16px;}.left{    position: absolute;    width: 100px;    margin-right: 20px;    height: 100%;}.rightWrap{    width: 100%;    height: 100%;}.right{    height: 100%;    margin-left: 120px;    overflow: auto;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>      <div class="middleWrap">        <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">            <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">                <p>left</p>            </div>            <div class="rightWrap">                <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">                    <div class="right-in">                        <p>right</p>                    </div>                </div>                            </div>        </div>             </div>    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

 

table

　　水平方向子元素的间距可以用border实现。所有浏览器都不支持给table-cell元素设置overflow属性。firefox和IE11浏览器不支持给table-cell元素的设置100%高度的子元素设置overflow属性

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.top,.bottom{    position: absolute;    width: 100%;    height: 50px;}.bottom{bottom: 0;}.middleWrap{    height: 100%;    overflow: hidden;}.middle{    width: 100%;    height: 100%;    display: table;        margin: 50px 0;    table-layout: fixed;}.left{    display: table-cell;    width: 120px;    border-right: 20px solid lightgray;}.rightWrap{    display: table-cell;    height: 100%;}.right{    height: 100%;    overflow: auto;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>     <div class="middleWrap">        <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">            <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">                <p>left</p>            </div>                 <div class="rightWrap">                <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">                    <div class="right-in">                        <p>right</p>                    </div>                            </div>                                </div>           </div>             </div>        <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

 

absolute

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.top,.middle,.bottom{    position: absolute;    left: 0;    right: 0;}.top{    top: 0;    height: 50px;}.bottom{    bottom: 0;    height: 50px;}.middle{    top: 50px;    bottom: 50px;}.left,.right{    position: absolute;    top: 0;    bottom: 0;}.left{    width:100px;}.right{    left: 120px;    right: 0;    overflow: auto;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>     <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">            <p>left</p>        </div>             <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">            <div class="right-in">                <p>right</p>            </div>                    </div>                        </div>                  <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

 

flex

　　flex常用于小范围的布局，使用全屏布局时会因为性能问题，出现卡顿现象。如果要使用全屏自适应布局，则只有flex才能达到效果

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.parent{    display: flex;    flex-direction: column;}.top,.bottom{    height: 50px;}.middle{    display: flex;    flex: 1;}.left{    width: 100px;    margin-right: 20px;}.right{    flex: 1;    overflow: auto;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>     <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">            <p>left</p>        </div>             <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">            <div class="right-in">                <p>right</p>            </div>                    </div>                        </div>                  <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

 

grid

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}.parent{    display: grid;    grid-template-rows:50px auto 50px;}.middle{    overflow:hidden;    display:grid;    grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;    grid-gap:20px;}.right{    overflow:auto;}.right-in{    height: 1000px;}</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">        <p>top</p>    </div>     <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">            <p>left</p>        </div>             <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">            <div class="right-in">                <p>right</p>            </div>                    </div>                        </div>                  <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">        <p>bottom</p>    </div>        </div>

 

总结

　　全屏布局实际上就是两列或三列自适应布局的扩展形式。由于实现的是全屏效果，高度实际上是固定的，所以思路并没有等高布局局限。水平方向元素之间的间距根据实际情况使用margin、padding、border都可以实现