Spring MVC入门之构建到运行，超详细（利用Maven构建）

1、概述

Spring MVC是由Spring提供的一个Web框架，由于其强大而灵活的功能，得到了广泛的应用，因此作为一名程序员的话是必须要掌握的，另外Maven目前也是流行的项目管理工具，因此，本文讲解如何用Maven构建项目，并且详细说明Spring MVC如何从构建到运行。废话不多说，下面开始。

2、项目构建

软件参数

Eclipse:Luna Service Release 2Tomact:apache-tomcat-8.0.33Jdk:1.7Spring-framework:4.2.9.RELEASE

新建工程

左键点击file,选择New，然后选择Mave Project

点击Next

选择maven-archetype-webapp,点击Next

Group Id, Artifct Id,Package这些都是可以随便填的，填完后点击finish即可

下面先来一张项目新建完后的截图

项目配置

porm.xml配置

Maven项目建好后，如果想对其进行配置，则通过porm.xml文件进行。
首先指定Maven仓库。这里我用了阿里云的仓库

<!-- 阿里云maven仓库 --><repositories>    <repository>        <id>public</id>        <name>aliyun nexus</name>        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>    <releases>        <enabled>true</enabled>    </releases>    </repository></repositories>

引入项目依赖

<dependencies>        <dependency>          <groupId>junit</groupId>          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>          <version>3.8.1</version>          <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>                <version>${springframework-version}</version>            </dependency>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>                <version>${springframework-version}</version>            </dependency>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>                <version>${springframework-version}</version>            </dependency>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>                <version>${springframework-version}</version>            </dependency>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>                <version>${springframework-version}</version>                <scope>test</scope>            </dependency>            <dependency>                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>                <version>${commons-logging-version}</version>            </dependency>            <!-- JSP视图所需jar -->            <dependency>                <groupId>jstl</groupId>                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>                <version>${jstl-version}</version>            </dependency>      </dependencies>

porm.xml文件配置好后，下面进行Spring MVC配置

在web.xml（WEB-INF下）文件中加入如下代码

<!-- 配置DispatchcerServlet -->          <servlet>            <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>            <servlet-class>                org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet            </servlet-class>            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>        </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping>

在WEB-INF文件下新建dispatcher-servlet.xml，写入如下代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xsi:schemaLocation="        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd">        <!-- 配置扫描路径-->        <context:component-scan base-package="com.li.demo" />        <!-- 基于注解 -->        <mvc:annotation-driven />        <context:annotation-config />         <!-- JSP视图解析器  -->        <bean id="viewResolverJsp" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"/>        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>    </bean></beans>

至此Spring MVC配置完毕，下面开始写代码

项目代码

两个jsp页面
userregister.jsp (注册页面)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><form action="save" method="post">    <label>姓名：</label><input name="name" type="text" id="name">    <label>邮箱：</label><input name="email" type="text" id="email">    <label>地址：</label><input name="address" type="text" id="address">    <label>电话：</label><input name="phone" type="text" id="phone">    <input type="submit" value="保存" id="submit"></form></body></html>

success.jsp(注册成功后信息回显页面)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body>    <div>姓名：${user.name}</div>    <div>地址：${user.address}</div>    <div>电话：${user.phone}</div>    <div>邮箱：${user.email}</div></body></html>

下面是java代码
新建User类

public class User {    private String name;    private String address;    private String phone;    private String email;    //省略Set Get方法。。。    }

UserRegisterControler.java

@Controllerpublic class UserRegisterControler {    @RequestMapping("/save")    public String save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) {        model.addAttribute("user", user);        return "success";    }}

至此代码全部写完，下面先来一张项目完成后结构图

项目运行

将项目部署到Tomcat上后，在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/mvc/userregister.jsp

点击保存后

可以看到，成功回显了注册信息，项目大功告成！