Windows ToolTips简要介绍

Windows 标准控件ToolTips简要介绍

参考文档 MSDN

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff486072(v=vs.85).aspx

一，什么是ToolTips

ToolTips 就是一个类似于一个悬浮的文本框，在鼠标指针移动上去能显示特定的文本。

各种ToolTips样式。

二，创建ToolTips

HWND hwndTip = CreateWindowEx(NULL, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,                            WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP,                            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,                            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,                            hwndParent, NULL, hinstMyDll,                            NULL);SetWindowPos(hwndTip, HWND_TOPMOST,0, 0, 0, 0,             SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);

此后ToolTips的窗口函数自动维护Tooltips的尺寸，位置和显示隐藏状态等。 ToolTips的高度基于所设置的字体的高度。

1.激活ToolTips

Tooltips可以处于激活和未激活的状态。激活状态下ToolTips会显示文本。 当ToolTips未激活，其文本讲不被显示。即使鼠标指针放在一个Tools上发送TTM_ACTIVE可以激活和关闭激活一个ToolTips的状态。

2.将ToolTips关联Tools

创建一个TOOLINFO的结构体对象，设置uID为关联工具的ID

设置uFlags为  TTF_IDISHWND

并发送TTM_ADDTOOL消息给ToolTips的句柄。后面的完整的例子。

3.显示文本

默认使用TOOLINFO的  lpszText为显示问题。 可以发送TTM_UPDATETIPTEXT消息来更新显示值。

如果将lpszText 设置为 LPSTR_TEXTCALLBACK ToolTips需要显示文本时候，会Call之前注册的父窗口句柄的窗口函数并发送 TTN_GETDISPINFO通知码，

该消息包含了指向NMTTDISPINFO 结构的指针用于修改相应的文本，以供后续显示使用。

4.消息和通知

windows默认只发送消息给包含鼠标指针的窗口，并不会发送消息给ToolTips。因此需要关联ToolTips和其对应的父窗口活控件ID来控制其显示（恰当的位置和恰当的时间）。

ToolTips会自动处理一下的消息。

1.通过TOOLINFO绑定过的控件或者父窗口的矩形区域。

2.绑定ToolTip的父窗口在同一个线程内。

满足以上两个条件 将TOOLINFO的uFlags设置为 TTF_SUBCLASS  然后发送TTM_ADDTOOL消息给Tooltip的句柄。  但是ToolTips和关联的窗口必须有直接的消息通路。也就是父窗口和子窗口的关系。 如果你关联了别的进程的窗口，还是收不到消息的。可能要使用HOOK。此时你应该发送TTM_RELAYEVENT消息给tooltip 参考Tracking Tooltip

当Tooltip要显示的时候会发送给其拥有者窗口TTN_SHOW通知码。 TTN_POP表明Tooltip即将要隐藏。  通过WM_NOTIFY消息发送。

三，ToolTips应用

1.一个简单的ToolTips的例子

#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <commctrl.h>#include "resource.h"#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);HINSTANCE g_hInst;HWND hTTWnd;int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int){g_hInst = hInstance;INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX cx = { sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX), ICC_BAR_CLASSES };BOOL ret = InitCommonControlsEx(&cx);return DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), NULL, (DLGPROC)MyDlgProc);}// Description://   Creates a tooltip for an item in a dialog box. // Parameters://   idTool - identifier of an dialog box item.//   nDlg - window handle of the dialog box.//   pszText - string to use as the tooltip text.// Returns://   The handle to the tooltip.//HWND CreateToolTip(int toolID, HWND hDlg, PTSTR pszText){if (!toolID || !hDlg || !pszText){return FALSE;}// Get the window of the tool.HWND hwndTool = GetDlgItem(hDlg, toolID);// Create the tooltip. g_hInst is the global instance handle.HWND hwndTip = CreateWindowEx(NULL, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_ALWAYSTIP | TTS_BALLOON,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hDlg, NULL,g_hInst, NULL);if (!hwndTool || !hwndTip){return (HWND)NULL;}// Associate the tooltip with the tool.TOOLINFO toolInfo = { 0 };toolInfo.cbSize = sizeof(toolInfo);toolInfo.hwnd = hDlg;toolInfo.uFlags = TTF_IDISHWND | TTF_SUBCLASS;toolInfo.uId = (UINT_PTR)hwndTool;toolInfo.lpszText = pszText;SendMessage(hwndTip, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)&toolInfo);return hwndTip;}void CreateToolTipForRect(HWND hwndParent){// Create a tooltip.HWND hwndTT = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOPMOST, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hwndParent, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);SetWindowPos(hwndTT, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);// Set up "tool" information. In this case, the "tool" is the entire parent window.TOOLINFO ti = { 0 };ti.cbSize = sizeof(TOOLINFO);ti.uFlags = TTF_SUBCLASS;ti.hwnd = hwndParent;ti.hinst = g_hInst;ti.lpszText = TEXT("This is your tooltip string.");GetClientRect(hwndParent, &ti.rect);// Associate the tooltip with the "tool" window.SendMessage(hwndTT, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)(LPTOOLINFO)&ti);}LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){switch (uMsg){case WM_INITDIALOG:{CreateToolTipForRect(hDlg);break;}case WM_CLOSE:EndDialog(hDlg, FALSE);break;}return FALSE;}

这个代码很简单就是在Windows对话框上显示ToolTips。可是编译以后死活不显示，初始化InitCommonControlsEx的调用也没有问题。观察到自己创建的对话框风格非常复古。

和MSDN上的大相径庭。

后来查阅相关资料。这是由于项目缺少了Manifest定义。在网上找了一个Manifest的定义文件在项目加载此文件就解决了此问题。关于Manifest文件的定义参考此文章

MSDN: Enable Visual Style in your program.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb773175(v=vs.85).aspx#no_extensions

Windows.Manifest定义如下

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>   <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">   <assemblyIdentity   name="Microsoft.Windows.XXXX"   processorArchitecture="x86"   version="5.1.0.0"   type="win32"/>   <description>Windows Shell</description>   <dependency>   <dependentAssembly>   <assemblyIdentity   type="win32"   name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"   version="6.0.0.0"   processorArchitecture="x86"   publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"   language="*"    />   </dependentAssembly>   </dependency>   </assembly>

运行结果如下。

关于这个问题深入研究发现，是调用TOOLINFOW类的时候如果程序加载Common Control 6.0以下的版本，这个结构体的定义的实际size比6.0少4个字节。

而ANSI版本无此问题。如果使用Unicode版本必须加入manifest强制让应用程序加载common Control 6.0才能使用sizeof(TOOLINFOW)的返回值。

否则就要将此值减去4

参考此文章：  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2545682/unicode-tooltips-not-showing-up/15173051

2. 一个指定位置显示Tooltip的例子 同时显示2个Tooltip并且自己定位Toolpis的位置。

#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <commctrl.h>#include "resource.h"#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);HINSTANCE g_hInst;HWND hTTWnd;HWND g_hwndTrackingTT;HWND g_hwndTrackingTT1;TOOLINFO g_toolItem;BOOL g_TrackingMouse;int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int){g_hInst = hInstance;INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX cx = { sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX), ICC_BAR_CLASSES };BOOL ret = InitCommonControlsEx(&cx);return DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), NULL, (DLGPROC)MyDlgProc);}// Description://   Creates a tooltip for an item in a dialog box. // Parameters://   idTool - identifier of an dialog box item.//   nDlg - window handle of the dialog box.//   pszText - string to use as the tooltip text.// Returns://   The handle to the tooltip.//HWND CreateToolTip(int toolID, HWND hDlg, PTSTR pszText){if (!toolID || !hDlg || !pszText){return FALSE;}// Get the window of the tool.HWND hwndTool = GetDlgItem(hDlg, toolID);// Create the tooltip. g_hInst is the global instance handle.HWND hwndTip = CreateWindowEx(NULL, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_ALWAYSTIP | TTS_BALLOON,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hDlg, NULL,g_hInst, NULL);if (!hwndTool || !hwndTip){return (HWND)NULL;}// Associate the tooltip with the tool.TOOLINFO toolInfo = { 0 };toolInfo.cbSize = sizeof(toolInfo);toolInfo.hwnd = hDlg;toolInfo.uFlags = TTF_IDISHWND | TTF_SUBCLASS;toolInfo.uId = (UINT_PTR)hwndTool;toolInfo.lpszText = pszText;SendMessage(hwndTip, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)&toolInfo);return hwndTip;}void CreateToolTipForRect(HWND hwndParent){// Create a tooltip.HWND hwndTT = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOPMOST, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hwndParent, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);SetWindowPos(hwndTT, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);// Set up "tool" information. In this case, the "tool" is the entire parent window.TOOLINFO ti = { 0 };ti.cbSize = sizeof(TOOLINFO);ti.uFlags = TTF_SUBCLASS;ti.hwnd = hwndParent;ti.hinst = g_hInst;ti.lpszText = TEXT("This is your tooltip string.");GetClientRect(hwndParent, &ti.rect);// Associate the tooltip with the "tool" window.SendMessage(hwndTT, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)(LPTOOLINFO)&ti);}HWND CreateTrackingToolTip(int toolID, HWND hDlg, WCHAR* pText){// Create a tooltip.HWND hwndTT = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOPMOST, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP | TTS_BALLOON,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hDlg, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);if (!hwndTT){return NULL;}// Set up the tool information. In this case, the "tool" is the entire parent window.g_toolItem.cbSize = sizeof(TOOLINFO);g_toolItem.uFlags = TTF_IDISHWND | TTF_TRACK | TTF_ABSOLUTE;g_toolItem.hwnd = hDlg;g_toolItem.hinst = g_hInst;g_toolItem.lpszText = pText;g_toolItem.uId = (UINT_PTR)hDlg;GetClientRect(hDlg, &g_toolItem.rect);// Associate the tooltip with the tool window.SendMessage(hwndTT, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)(LPTOOLINFO)&g_toolItem);return hwndTT;}LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){switch (uMsg){case WM_INITDIALOG:{g_hwndTrackingTT = CreateTrackingToolTip(0, hDlg, L"");g_hwndTrackingTT1 = CreateTrackingToolTip(0, hDlg, L"");break;}case WM_MOUSELEAVE:SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);g_TrackingMouse = FALSE;return FALSE;case WM_MOUSEMOVE:static int oldX, oldY;int newX, newY;if (!g_TrackingMouse)   // The mouse has just entered the window.{                       // Request notification when the mouse leaves.TRACKMOUSEEVENT tme = { sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT) };tme.hwndTrack = hDlg;tme.dwFlags = TME_LEAVE;TrackMouseEvent(&tme);// Activate the tooltip.SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);g_TrackingMouse = TRUE;}newX = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);newY = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);// Make sure the mouse has actually moved. The presence of the tooltip // causes Windows to send the message continuously.if ((newX != oldX) || (newY != oldY)){oldX = newX;oldY = newY;// Update the text.WCHAR coords[12];wsprintf(coords, TEXT("%d, %d"), newX, newY);g_toolItem.lpszText = coords;SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_SETTOOLINFO, 0, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_SETTOOLINFO, 0, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);// Position the tooltip. The coordinates are adjusted so that the tooltip does not overlap the mouse pointer.//POINT pt = { newX, newY };POINT pt = { 50, 50 };ClientToScreen(hDlg, &pt);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y - 20));SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 100, pt.y - 20));}return FALSE;case WM_CLOSE:EndDialog(hDlg, FALSE);break;}return FALSE;}

运行结果，

可以自行设定ToolTips的位置TTM_TRACKPOSITION，修改ToolTips的显示值TTM_SETTOOLINFO, 控制Tooltips的显示TTM_TRACKACTIVE.

3. 显示多行文本的ToolTips

多行文本ToolTips参考图

使用TTM_SETMAXTIPWIDTH 消息来创建一个多行文本的ToolTips。设置每行的宽度，超过此宽度的文本会自动换行。也可以使用\r\n 强制换行。

注意NMTTDISPINFO 的szText成员最多只能存储80个字符。如果要显示长字符串，请用NMTTDISPINFO的lpszText指向一个长文本的字符。

一下例子使用了TTN_GETDISPINFO通知码来修改tooltips的文本。

    case WM_NOTIFY:    {        switch (((LPNMHDR)lParam)->code)        {        case TTN_GETDISPINFO:            LPNMTTDISPINFO pInfo = (LPNMTTDISPINFO)lParam;            SendMessage(pInfo->hdr.hwndFrom, TTM_SETMAXTIPWIDTH, 0, 150);            wcscpy_s(pInfo->szText, ARRAYSIZE(pInfo->szText),                 L"This\nis a very long text string " \                L"that must be broken into several lines.");            break;        }        break;    }

测试用例

显示两个固定位置的多行提示框 若窗口处于非激活状态则隐藏。

提示框的位置会随着窗的移动而移动。

#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <commctrl.h>#include <stdio.h>#include "resource.h"#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);HINSTANCE g_hInst;HWND hTTWnd;HWND g_hwndTrackingTT;HWND g_hwndTrackingTT1;TOOLINFO g_toolItem;BOOL g_TrackingMouse = FALSE;int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PSTR, int){g_hInst = hInstance;INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX cx = { sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX), ICC_BAR_CLASSES };BOOL ret = InitCommonControlsEx(&cx);return DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), NULL, (DLGPROC)MyDlgProc);}// Description://   Creates a tooltip for an item in a dialog box. // Parameters://   idTool - identifier of an dialog box item.//   nDlg - window handle of the dialog box.//   pszText - string to use as the tooltip text.// Returns://   The handle to the tooltip.//HWND CreateToolTip(int toolID, HWND hDlg, PTSTR pszText){if (!toolID || !hDlg || !pszText){return FALSE;}// Get the window of the tool.HWND hwndTool = GetDlgItem(hDlg, toolID);// Create the tooltip. g_hInst is the global instance handle.HWND hwndTip = CreateWindowEx(NULL, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_ALWAYSTIP | TTS_BALLOON,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hDlg, NULL,g_hInst, NULL);if (!hwndTool || !hwndTip){return (HWND)NULL;}SetWindowPos(hwndTip, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);// Associate the tooltip with the tool.TOOLINFO toolInfo = { 0 };toolInfo.cbSize = sizeof(toolInfo);toolInfo.hwnd = hDlg;toolInfo.uFlags = TTF_IDISHWND | TTF_SUBCLASS;toolInfo.uId = (UINT_PTR)hwndTool;toolInfo.lpszText = LPSTR_TEXTCALLBACK; // pszText;SendMessage(hwndTip, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)&toolInfo);return hwndTip;}void CreateToolTipForRect(HWND hwndParent){// Create a tooltip.HWND hwndTT = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOPMOST, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hwndParent, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);SetWindowPos(hwndTT, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);// Set up "tool" information. In this case, the "tool" is the entire parent window.TOOLINFO ti = { 0 };ti.cbSize = sizeof(TOOLINFO);ti.uFlags = TTF_SUBCLASS;ti.hwnd = hwndParent;ti.hinst = g_hInst;ti.lpszText = TEXT("This is your tooltip string.");GetClientRect(hwndParent, &ti.rect);// Associate the tooltip with the "tool" window.SendMessage(hwndTT, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)(LPTOOLINFO)&ti);}HWND CreateTrackingToolTip(int toolID, HWND hDlg, WCHAR* pText){// Create a tooltip.HWND hwndTT = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOPMOST, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP | TTS_BALLOON,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,hDlg, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);if (!hwndTT){return NULL;}// Set up the tool information. In this case, the "tool" is the entire parent window.g_toolItem.cbSize = sizeof(TOOLINFO);g_toolItem.uFlags = TTF_IDISHWND | TTF_TRACK | TTF_ABSOLUTE;g_toolItem.hwnd = hDlg;g_toolItem.hinst = g_hInst;g_toolItem.lpszText = LPSTR_TEXTCALLBACK;//pText;g_toolItem.uId = (UINT_PTR)hDlg;GetClientRect(hDlg, &g_toolItem.rect);// Associate the tooltip with the tool window.SendMessage(hwndTT, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)(LPTOOLINFO)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(hwndTT, TTM_SETDELAYTIME, (WPARAM)TTDT_AUTOPOP, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(30 * 1000, 0));return hwndTT;}LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){static BOOL bActive = FALSE;switch (uMsg){case WM_INITDIALOG:{g_hwndTrackingTT = CreateTrackingToolTip(0, hDlg, L"");g_hwndTrackingTT1 = CreateTrackingToolTip(0, hDlg, L"");//hTTWnd = CreateToolTip(IDCANCEL, hDlg, TEXT("IDCANCEL String \r\n nextline"));//CreateToolTipForRect(hDlg);break;}case WM_NOTIFY:{switch (((LPNMHDR)lParam)->code){case TTN_GETDISPINFO: /*TTN_NEEDTEXT:*/LPNMTTDISPINFO pInfo = (LPNMTTDISPINFO)lParam;SendMessage(pInfo->hdr.hwndFrom, TTM_SETMAXTIPWIDTH, 0, 150);wcscpy_s(pInfo->szText, ARRAYSIZE(pInfo->szText),L"This\nis a very long text string " \L"that must be broken into several lines.");break;}break;}case WM_MOVE:{POINT pt = { 50, 50 };ClientToScreen(hDlg, &pt);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y - 20));SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y + 80));}break;case WM_ACTIVATE:// if the main windows is inactive ,disappear the tooltips.if (LOWORD(wParam) == WA_INACTIVE){SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);bActive = FALSE;}else{SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);POINT pt = { 50, 50 };ClientToScreen(hDlg, &pt);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y - 20));SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y + 80));bActive = TRUE;}break;case WM_MOUSEMOVE:{if (!bActive)break;SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&g_toolItem);POINT pt = { 50, 50 };ClientToScreen(hDlg, &pt);SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y - 20));SendMessage(g_hwndTrackingTT1, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(pt.x + 10, pt.y + 80));}break;case WM_CLOSE:EndDialog(hDlg, FALSE);break;}return FALSE;}

熟悉了ToolTips的用法可以对其用C++做一个封装方便调用。

自己实现了一个可以自行设定位置的基于Windows ToolTips的类。并且使用了SetWindowsLongPtr自行处理了WM_NOTIFY消息。（主窗口不必关心内部消息处理)

CToolTips.h  头文件

/*CToolTips - CToolTips.h**Author: Sesiria <[e-mail]>*Copyright (c) 2017 Sesiria.**CToolTips module header file*This module is designed to to encapsulation the behavior of the standard Windows ToolTips control.*/#ifndef _CTOOLTIPS_H_#define _CTOOLTIPS_H_#include <windows.h>#include <CommCtrl.h>#include <map>#include <list>#include <string>class CToolTips  //Based on the Track style of the ToolTips control.{// member function.public:CToolTips(HWND hParentWnd, HINSTANCE hInstance, bool MultiLine = false); //Normal Style and Multiline~CToolTips();void setText(LPCTSTR szText);void setMultiLineText(LPCTSTR szText, const LONG nWidth);void initToolTips();void setPosition(const POINT& pt);void setVisible(bool bVisible);void setUpdate();static LRESULT CALLBACK tooltipWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);static LRESULT CALLBACK parentWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);WNDPROC getParentWndProc(){return m_parentWndProc;};private://void setActive(bool bActive);void _registerWndProc();void _unregisterWndProc();bool _createToolTips();void _destroyToolTips();void _addtoInstanceTable();void _removeFromInstanceTable();// member variable.private:LPTSTR m_szText;LPTSTR m_multiText;LONG m_nWidth;bool m_bMultiLine;bool m_bActive;bool m_bVisible;POINT m_pos;HWND m_hParent;HWND m_hToolTips;HINSTANCE m_hInst;TOOLINFO m_toolInfo;WNDPROC m_parentWndProc;WNDPROC m_tooltipWndProc;};#endif // _CTOOLTIPS_H_

CToolTips.cpp 源文件

/*CToolTips - CToolTips.cpp**Author: Sesiria <[e-mail]>*Copyright (c) 2017 Sesiria.**CToolTips module source file*This module is designed to to encapsulation the behavior of the standard Windows ToolTips control.*/#include "CToolTips.h"#define DELETEP(p)      do { if (p) { delete(p); (p)=NULL; } } while (0)#define DELETEPV(pa)    do { if (pa) { delete [] (pa); (pa)=NULL; } } while (0)typedef std::list<HWND> ListInstance;// this data struct is used to support different parent dialog bind with the tooltips instance.// the HWND is the parent dialog HWND// ListInstance is a list container to store all the handle of the tooltips relative the same// parent dialog.typedef std::map<HWND, ListInstance*> TableInstance;/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////static TableInstance g_tblInstance;bool isInTable(HWND hParent){TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(hParent);if (iter == g_tblInstance.end())return false;return true;}bool isInTable(HWND hParent, HWND hToolTips){ListInstance * pList = NULL;TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(hParent);if (iter == g_tblInstance.end()) // the parent window has not been register.{return false;}else // the parent windows has been registered we just get the parent wndproc from the other nodes.{pList = iter->second;HWND hToolTips = *pList->begin();ListInstance::const_iterator iterList = std::find(pList->begin(), pList->end(), hToolTips);if (iterList == pList->end())return false;}return true;}HWND getFirstToolTips(HWND hParent){if (!isInTable(hParent))return NULL;ListInstance * pList = NULL;TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(hParent);return *iter->second->begin();}CToolTips::CToolTips(HWND hParentWnd, HINSTANCE hInstance, bool MultiLine /*= false*/):m_szText(NULL),m_multiText(NULL),m_nWidth(0),m_bMultiLine(MultiLine),m_bActive(false),m_bVisible(false),m_hParent(hParentWnd),m_hToolTips(NULL),m_parentWndProc(NULL),m_hInst(hInstance){m_pos.x = 0;m_pos.y = 0;memset(&m_toolInfo, 0, sizeof(TOOLINFO));if (_createToolTips()){_registerWndProc();_addtoInstanceTable();}}CToolTips::~CToolTips(){_removeFromInstanceTable();_unregisterWndProc();if (m_hToolTips){DestroyWindow(m_hToolTips);m_hToolTips = NULL;}DELETEPV(m_szText);DELETEPV(m_multiText);}bool CToolTips::_createToolTips(){if (!m_hParent || !m_hInst)return false;// Create the Handle for the ToolTips controlm_hToolTips = CreateWindowEx(NULL, TOOLTIPS_CLASS, NULL,WS_POPUP | TTS_NOPREFIX | TTS_ALWAYSTIP | TTS_BALLOON,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,m_hParent, NULL, m_hInst, NULL);return (m_hToolTips != NULL);}void CToolTips::initToolTips(){if (!m_hToolTips || !m_hInst)return;SetWindowPos(m_hToolTips, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);//Init the TOOLINFOm_toolInfo.cbSize = sizeof(TOOLINFO);m_toolInfo.uFlags = TTF_IDISHWND | TTF_TRACK | TTF_ABSOLUTE;m_toolInfo.hwnd = m_hParent;m_toolInfo.hinst = m_hInst;m_toolInfo.lpszText = LPSTR_TEXTCALLBACK;m_toolInfo.uId = (UINT_PTR)m_hParent;// Associate the tooltip with the tool window.SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_ADDTOOL, 0, (LPARAM)(LPTOOLINFO)&m_toolInfo);// Set the DelayTime of the ToolTipsSendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_SETDELAYTIME, (WPARAM)TTDT_AUTOPOP, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(30 * 1000, 0));// By default, we just set the tooltips to inactive.SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&m_toolInfo);m_bActive = true;}void CToolTips::_addtoInstanceTable(){ListInstance * pList = NULL;TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(m_hParent);if (iter == g_tblInstance.end()) // the parent window has not been register.{pList = new ListInstance;pList->push_back(m_hToolTips);g_tblInstance.insert(std::make_pair(m_hParent, pList));}else{pList = iter->second;ListInstance::const_iterator iterSet = std::find(pList->begin(), pList->end(), m_hToolTips);if (iterSet == pList->end())pList->push_back(m_hToolTips);}}void CToolTips::_removeFromInstanceTable(){TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(m_hParent);if (iter == g_tblInstance.end())return;ListInstance * pSet = iter->second;pSet->remove(m_hToolTips);}void CToolTips::_registerWndProc(){// bind the this pointer to the handle of the tooltipsSetWindowLongPtr(m_hToolTips, GWLP_USERDATA, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(this)); // Register the windows proc for the tooltip dialog.m_tooltipWndProc = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLongPtr(m_hToolTips,GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(&CToolTips::tooltipWndProc));// Register the windows proc for the parents dialog.if (!isInTable(m_hParent) && !m_parentWndProc){m_parentWndProc = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLongPtr(m_hParent,GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(&CToolTips::parentWndProc));}else{HWND hToolTips;if (!(hToolTips = getFirstToolTips(m_hParent)))return;LONG_PTR user_data = GetWindowLongPtr(hToolTips, GWLP_USERDATA);CToolTips *pToolTips = reinterpret_cast<CToolTips*>(user_data);m_parentWndProc = pToolTips->getParentWndProc();}}void CToolTips::_unregisterWndProc(){// if it is the last element relative to the parent dialog just unregister the wndproc.TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(m_hParent);if (iter != g_tblInstance.end() && m_parentWndProc != NULL){ListInstance *pSet = iter->second;if (pSet->size() == 0)// it is the empty set.{(WNDPROC)SetWindowLongPtr(m_hParent,GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(m_parentWndProc));g_tblInstance.erase(iter);DELETEP(pSet);}m_parentWndProc = NULL;}// unregister the window procedure and restore to the default procedure.if (m_tooltipWndProc){SetWindowLongPtr(m_hToolTips,GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(m_tooltipWndProc));m_tooltipWndProc = NULL;}// unregister the this pointer to the hwnd GWL_USERDATA SetWindowLongPtr(m_hToolTips, GWLP_USERDATA, NULL);}LRESULT CALLBACK CToolTips::tooltipWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){LONG_PTR user_data = GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA);CToolTips *this_window = reinterpret_cast<CToolTips*>(user_data);if (!this_window || !this_window->m_tooltipWndProc)return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);static bool g_TrackingMouse = false;switch (Msg){case WM_MOUSELEAVE:g_TrackingMouse = false;return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);break;case WM_MOUSEMOVE:if (!g_TrackingMouse){TRACKMOUSEEVENT tme = { sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT) };tme.hwndTrack = hWnd;tme.dwFlags = TME_LEAVE;TrackMouseEvent(&tme);this_window->setUpdate();g_TrackingMouse = true;}break;}return CallWindowProc(this_window->m_tooltipWndProc, hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);}// hook for the parent window procedureLRESULT CALLBACK CToolTips::parentWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){LONG_PTR user_data = GetWindowLongPtr(getFirstToolTips(hWnd), GWLP_USERDATA);CToolTips *this_window = reinterpret_cast<CToolTips*>(user_data);if (!this_window || !this_window->getParentWndProc())return DefWindowProcW(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);switch (Msg){case WM_NOTIFY:{switch (((LPNMHDR)lParam)->code){case TTN_GETDISPINFO: /*TTN_NEEDTEXT:*/LPNMTTDISPINFO pInfo = (LPNMTTDISPINFO)lParam;SendMessage(pInfo->hdr.hwndFrom, TTM_SETMAXTIPWIDTH, 0, this_window->m_nWidth);lstrcpyn(pInfo->szText, this_window->m_multiText, ARRAYSIZE(pInfo->szText));break;}}break;case WM_MOVE:{TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(hWnd);if (iter == g_tblInstance.end())break;ListInstance *pList = iter->second;ListInstance::iterator  iterlist;for (iterlist = pList->begin(); iterlist != pList->end(); ++iterlist){LONG_PTR user_data = GetWindowLongPtr((HWND)(*iterlist), GWLP_USERDATA);CToolTips *tooltips_window = reinterpret_cast<CToolTips*>(user_data);if (!tooltips_window)continue;tooltips_window->setPosition(tooltips_window->m_pos);}}break;case WM_ACTIVATE:{TableInstance::iterator iter = g_tblInstance.find(hWnd);if (iter == g_tblInstance.end())break;ListInstance *pList = iter->second;ListInstance::iterator  iterlist;for (iterlist = pList->begin(); iterlist != pList->end(); ++iterlist){LONG_PTR user_data = GetWindowLongPtr((HWND)(*iterlist), GWLP_USERDATA);CToolTips *tooltips_window = reinterpret_cast<CToolTips*>(user_data);if (!tooltips_window)continue;if (LOWORD(wParam) == WA_INACTIVE){tooltips_window->setActive(false);}else{tooltips_window->setActive(true);}}}}return CallWindowProc(this_window->m_parentWndProc, hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);}void CToolTips::setText(LPCTSTR szText){DELETEPV(m_szText);m_szText = new TCHAR[lstrlen(szText) + 1];lstrcpy(m_szText, szText);}void CToolTips::setMultiLineText(LPCTSTR szText, const LONG nWidth){DELETEPV(m_multiText);m_multiText = new TCHAR[lstrlen(szText) + 1];lstrcpy(m_multiText, szText);m_nWidth = nWidth;if (m_bActive){setUpdate();}}void CToolTips::setPosition(const POINT& pt){m_pos.x = pt.x;m_pos.y = pt.y;POINT newPt = { m_pos.x, m_pos.y};ClientToScreen(m_hParent, &newPt);SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_TRACKPOSITION, 0, (LPARAM)MAKELONG(newPt.x, newPt.y));}void CToolTips::setActive(bool bActive){m_bActive = bActive;if (m_bActive && m_bVisible){SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&m_toolInfo);setPosition(m_pos);}else{SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&m_toolInfo);}}void CToolTips::setVisible(bool bVisible){m_bVisible = bVisible;if (m_bVisible && m_bActive){SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)&m_toolInfo);setPosition(m_pos);}else{SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_TRACKACTIVATE, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)&m_toolInfo);}}void CToolTips::setUpdate(){SendMessage(m_hToolTips, TTM_UPDATE, 0, 0);}

main.cpp 测试代码

#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <commctrl.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <assert.h>#include "resource.h"#include "CToolTips.h"#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")#define MULTILINE_TEXTTEXT("This\nis a very long text string that must be broken into several lines.")#define MULTILINE_TEXT_TIMETEXT("This\nis a very long text string that must be broken into several lines. %d")LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc1(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);HINSTANCE g_hInst;CToolTips *g_pToolTips = NULL;CToolTips *g_pToolTips1 = NULL;int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PSTR, int){g_hInst = hInstance;INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX cx = { sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX), ICC_BAR_CLASSES };BOOL ret = InitCommonControlsEx(&cx);return DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), NULL, (DLGPROC)MyDlgProc1);}void TEST_Constructor(HWND hDlg){g_pToolTips = new CToolTips(hDlg, g_hInst, true);assert(g_pToolTips != NULL);g_pToolTips1 = new CToolTips(hDlg, g_hInst, true);}void TEST_Destructor(){if (g_pToolTips){delete g_pToolTips;g_pToolTips = NULL;}if (g_pToolTips1){delete g_pToolTips1;g_pToolTips1 = NULL;}}void TEST_MultilineToolTips(){if (!g_pToolTips)return;g_pToolTips->setMultiLineText(MULTILINE_TEXT, 150);g_pToolTips->initToolTips();POINT pt = { 50, 50 };g_pToolTips->setPosition(pt);g_pToolTips->setVisible(true);if (!g_pToolTips1)return;g_pToolTips1->setMultiLineText(MULTILINE_TEXT, 150);g_pToolTips1->initToolTips();POINT pt1 = { 100, 50 };g_pToolTips1->setPosition(pt1);g_pToolTips1->setVisible(true);}void TEST_StartDynamicUpdate(HWND HDlg){SetTimer(HDlg, 1, 5000, NULL);}void TEST_DynamicUpdateToolTips(HWND hDlg){TCHAR buf[255] = { 0 };wsprintf(buf, MULTILINE_TEXT_TIME, GetCurrentTime());////static int i = 0;if (i % 2 == 0)g_pToolTips1->setMultiLineText(buf, 150);elseg_pToolTips->setMultiLineText(buf, 150);i++;}void TEST_KillDynamicUpdate(HWND hDlg){KillTimer(hDlg, 1);}LRESULT CALLBACK MyDlgProc1(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){static CToolTips * pToolTips;switch (uMsg){case WM_INITDIALOG:TEST_Constructor(hDlg);TEST_MultilineToolTips();TEST_StartDynamicUpdate(hDlg);break;case WM_TIMER:TEST_DynamicUpdateToolTips(hDlg);break;case WM_CLOSE:TEST_KillDynamicUpdate(hDlg);TEST_Destructor();EndDialog(hDlg, FALSE);break;}return FALSE;}

运行结果如下

创建了两个多行气泡的ToolTips，  定时器每间隔5秒会更新气泡的内容，气泡的位置会随着窗口被拖动而自行 调整， 当窗口处于非激活状态时候气泡自动隐藏。

单鼠标指向某一个气泡的时候，该气泡默认会显示在窗口最顶端。