android开发之Fragment

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一、什么是Fragment

直译 碎片,可以将页面分成若干块展示在用户面前,Fragment是为了简化Activity而出的,所以也算是Activity的一部分。
此外Fragment有自己的声明周期和接收、处理用户的事件,这样就不必要在一个Activity里面写一堆事件、控件的代码了。更为重要的是,你可以动态的添加、替换、移除某个Fragment。

二、Fragment怎么用?

1.Fragment添加到activity中的两种方法

方法1:直接在activity的布局文件中声明。然后绑定用即可

activity布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:orientation="horizontal"    tools:context="com.example.fragmentdemo.MainActivity" >    <fragment         android:id="@+id/title"        android:layout_width="0dip"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:name="com.example.fragmentdemo.title"/>    <fragment         android:id="@+id/content"        android:layout_width="0dip"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="3"        android:name="com.example.fragmentdemo.content"/></LinearLayout>

MainActivity:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.MenuItem;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    content content1;    title title1;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        content1=(content)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.content);        title1=(title)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.title);    }}

Fragment的子类文件 content:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;public class content extends Fragment{    @Override    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,            Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.conten_layout, container, false);        return view;    }}

Fragment的子类文件 title:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;public class title extends Fragment{    @Override    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,            Bundle savedInstanceState) {        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.title_layout, container, false);        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return view;    }}

content和title的布局文件就不写了,下面是效果图:
效果图

方法2:通过编码将fragment添加到activity

activity布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="horizontal" >     <fragment         android:id="@+id/titleFragment"        android:layout_width="0dp"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:name="com.example.fragmentdemo.title"/>     <FrameLayout         android:id="@+id/contentFragment"        android:layout_width="0dp"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="3" >     </FrameLayout></LinearLayout>

mainactivity:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.FragmentManager;import android.app.FragmentTransaction;import android.os.Bundle;public class MainActivity2 extends Activity{    private content content1;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main2);        addContentLayout();    }    private void addContentLayout()    {        FragmentManager fm=getFragmentManager();        //开启事务        FragmentTransaction ft=fm.beginTransaction();        content1=new content();        //添加fragment        ft.add(R.id.contentFragment, content1);        //提交        ft.commit();    }}//方法: 开启事务->添加->提交

2.Fragment的出入栈操作

activity的布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical" >    <Button        android:id="@+id/button1"        android:onClick="oneClick"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="one" />    <Button        android:id="@+id/button2"        android:onClick="twoClick"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"        android:text="two" />    <FrameLayout        android:id="@+id/content"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"        android:layout_below="@+id/button1" >    </FrameLayout></RelativeLayout>

fragment的布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical" >    <TextView        android:id="@+id/textView1"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="Large Text"        android:gravity="center"        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" /></LinearLayout>

mainactivity:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.FragmentTransaction;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.KeyEvent;import android.view.View;public class PopBackStack extends Activity{    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        setContentView(R.layout.pop_back);        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    }    public void oneClick(View view)    {        popBackfragment p1=new popBackfragment("one");        FragmentTransaction ft=getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();        ft.replace(R.id.content, p1);        //将当前Fragment添加到activity中        ft.addToBackStack(null);        ft.commit();//提交    }    public void twoClick(View view)    {        popBackfragment p1=new popBackfragment("two");        FragmentTransaction ft=getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();        ft.replace(R.id.content, p1);        //将当前Fragment添加到activity中        ft.addToBackStack(null);        ft.commit();//提交    }    @Override    //键盘按下时    //此处让fragment依次出栈    public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {        if(keyCode==KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK)        {            if(getFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount()==0)            {                finish();            }else            {                getFragmentManager().popBackStack();            }            return true;        }        return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);    }}

fragment子类文件:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.webkit.WebView.FindListener;import android.widget.TextView;public class popBackfragment extends Fragment{    private String title;    public popBackfragment(String title)    {        this.title=title;    }    //该传参方法易丢失参数,标准的传参方法见后文        public popBackfragment()        {        }        @Override        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,            Bundle savedInstanceState) {        View view= inflater.inflate(R.layout.back_layout, container, false);        TextView v=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.textView1);        v.setText(title);        return view;        }}

3.标准传参方法
(利用bundle传参数)

//此传参数方法易丢失参数//  private String title;//  public popBackfragment(String title)//  {//      this.title=title;//  }    //此为官方推荐的标准传参方法    public static popBackfragment getInstance(String title)    {        popBackfragment p=new popBackfragment();        Bundle b=new Bundle();        b.putString("title", title);        p.setArguments(b);        return p ;    }

setText也要改变:

v.setText(getArguments().getString("title"));

mainactivity中fragment子类对象传参数的部分也要变化:

public void oneClick(View view)    {        popBackfragment p1=popBackfragment.getInstance("one");        FragmentTransaction ft=getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();        ft.replace(R.id.content, p1);        //将当前Fragment添加到activity中        ft.addToBackStack(null);        ft.commit();//提交    }

4.Fragment与Activity之间的交互,以及Fragment与Fragment间的交互

哪个类是事件的触发源,就在那里定义接口!!!

思路概要:

1))在Fragment子类1中定义一个回调接口

//定义一个回调接口    public static interface myMenuListener    {        public void changeValue(String value);    }

2))在Activity中实现该Fragment子类1接口,并实现接口方法

public class MenuFragment extends Fragment implements OnClickListener{@Override    //此处 实现了menu接口中的change方法,将其反馈的参数传过来,    //然后又联系上了main方法,将传来的value传给main中的change方法    //实现了双方的连接    public void changeValue(String value) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        mainfragment.changeTextViewValue(value);    }}

3))在Fragment子类1中声明接口对象,并利用onAttach方法实例化

public class MenuFragment extends Fragment implements OnClickListener{private myMenuListener mymenulistener;    //就绪时    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        super.onAttach(activity);        mymenulistener=(myMenuListener)activity;//此处实例化mymenulistener    }

由此在Fragment子类一中的值即可传递到Activity中。

4))在Activity中将布局文件中的两个Fragment绑定

public class MainActivity3 extends Activity implements MenuFragment.myMenuListener{    private MainFragment mainfragment;    private MenuFragment menufragment;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main3);        menufragment=(MenuFragment)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.menuFragment);        mainfragment=(MainFragment)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.mainFragment);    }

注意:布局文件中的fragment也与Fragment子类已经连接

<fragment         android:layout_width="0dp"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:id="@+id/menuFragment"        android:name="com.example.fragmentdemo.MenuFragment"/>    <fragment         android:layout_width="0dp"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="3"        android:id="@+id/mainFragment"        android:name="com.example.fragmentdemo.MainFragment"/>

5))在Fragment子类2中定义好传值的方法,并在Activity实现接口方法中调用该方法。
子类2中定义的方法:

public class MainFragment extends Fragment{public void changeTextViewValue(String value)    {        textView_value.setText(value);    }    }

Activity实现接口方法中调用该方法:

@Override    //此处 实现了menu接口中的change方法,将其反馈的参数传过来,    //然后又联系上了main方法,将传来的value传给main中的change方法    //实现了双方的连接    public void changeValue(String value) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        mainfragment.changeTextViewValue(value);    }

以下是具体的代码:
MainActivity:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;public class MainActivity3 extends Activity implements MenuFragment.myMenuListener{    private MainFragment mainfragment;    private MenuFragment menufragment;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main3);        menufragment=(MenuFragment)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.menuFragment);        mainfragment=(MainFragment)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.mainFragment);    }    @Override    //此处 实现了menu接口中的change方法,将其反馈的参数传过来,    //然后又联系上了main方法,将传来的value传给main中的change方法    //实现了双方的连接    public void changeValue(String value) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        mainfragment.changeTextViewValue(value);    }}

Fragment子类1:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;public class MenuFragment extends Fragment implements OnClickListener{    private myMenuListener mymenulistener;    public MenuFragment()    {    }    @Override    //就绪时    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        super.onAttach(activity);        mymenulistener=(myMenuListener)activity;//此处实例化mymenulistener    }    @Override    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,            Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_menu, container, false);        view.findViewById(R.id.bt_news).setOnClickListener(this);        view.findViewById(R.id.bt_music).setOnClickListener(this);        return view;    }//  public void newsClick(View v)//  {//      mymenulistener.changeValue("news");//  }//  public void musicClick(View v)//  {//      mymenulistener.changeValue("music");//  }    //定义一个回调接口    public static interface myMenuListener    {        public void changeValue(String value);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        switch(v.getId())        {        case R.id.bt_news:            mymenulistener.changeValue("news");            break;        case R.id.bt_music:            mymenulistener.changeValue("music");            break;        }    }}

Fragment子类2:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.TextView;public class MainFragment extends Fragment{    private TextView textView_value;    public MainFragment()    {    }    @Override    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,            Bundle savedInstanceState) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);        textView_value=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.value);        return view;    }    public void changeTextViewValue(String value)    {        textView_value.setText(value);    }}MainActivity的布局文件:

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