iOS 开发
来源：互联网 发布：汽车刷ecu软件 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/06/06 02:30
最近项目不算紧，于是就学了学 Swift ，看了一大神写的项目https://github.com/hrscy/DanTang，很受益，感谢开源！另外自己也写了一些基础代码，分享出来，第一是希望得到同行前辈的指导，第二是希望对需要的朋友有所帮助。
先分享一些学习资料：
学习网站：
苹果官方为开发者提供的 Swift 学习资源: https://developer.apple.com/swift/resources/
官方的 API Design: https://swift.org/documentation/api-design-guidelines/
学习书籍：
TheSwiftProgrammingLanguage(Swift3): 链接:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jIopBwi 密码:dqho
The Swift Programming Language 中文版: 链接:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1slpxtTj 密码:xay1
其它学习资料
- https://github.com/Tim9Liu9/TimLiu-iOS/blob/master/Swift.md#swift
练习的 demo 地址： https://github.com/liuzhongning/NNMintFurniture
- 主要包括以下功能：
- 图片轮播
- 导航栏渐变
- 瀑布流练习
- UIScrollView 练习
- 照相功能，更换头像
- 二维码扫描及识别
- 随机图片验证码封装
- 圆形输入框封装
- 第三方库 SnapKit 用法
- …………
练习 demo 的简单介绍，前方高能预警，大量图片请注意手机流量！
一、图片轮播
- 核心代码：
轮播图的封装
// MARK: - 懒加载轮播视图 private lazy var shufflingFigureView : NNShufflingFigureView = { let frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: NNScreenWidth, height: 180) let imageView = ["shuffling1", "shuffling2", "shuffling3", "shuffling4"] let shufflingFigureView = NNShufflingFigureView(frame: frame, images: imageView as NSArray, autoPlay: true, delay: 3, isFromNet: false) shufflingFigureView.delegate = self return shufflingFigureView }()通过代理处理图片的点击事件
// MARK: - 轮播代理方法，处理轮播图的点击事件extension NNItemTableViewController: NNShufflingFigureViewDelegate { func addShufflingFigureView(addShufflingFigureView: NNShufflingFigureView, iconClick index: NSInteger) { print(index) }}二、导航栏渐变
- 核心代码
页面滚动时调用
// MARK: - UIScrollViewDelegate 滚动页面时调用extension NNItemTableViewController { override func scrollViewDidScroll(_ scrollView: UIScrollView) { if type == tableViewType.haveHeader { return } currentPostion = scrollView.contentOffset.y if currentPostion > 0 { if currentPostion - lastPosition >= 0 { if topBool { topBool = false bottomBool = true stopPosition = currentPostion + 64 } lastPosition = currentPostion navigationController?.navigationBar.alpha = 1 - currentPostion / 500 } else { if bottomBool { bottomBool = false topBool = true stopPosition = currentPostion + 64 } lastPosition = currentPostion navigationController?.navigationBar.alpha = (stopPosition - currentPostion) / 200 } } }}三、瀑布流练习
- 核心代码
基础设置
// 布局 let layout = NNItemCollectionViewFlowLayout() // 创建collectionView let collectionView = UICollectionView.init(frame: view.bounds, collectionViewLayout: layout) view.addSubview(collectionView) collectionView.dataSource = self collectionView.delegate = self collectionView.backgroundColor = UIColor.white collectionView.register(UICollectionViewCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: NNItemCollectionViewControllerID)自定义 UICollectionViewFlowLayout
// MARK: - 更新布局 override func prepare() { super.prepare() // 清除所有的布局属性 attrsArray.removeAll() columnHeightsAry.removeAll() for _ in 0 ..< columnCountDefault { columnHeightsAry.append(edgeInsetsDefault.top) } let sections : Int = (collectionView?.numberOfSections)! for num in 0 ..< sections { let count : Int = (collectionView?.numberOfItems(inSection: num))! for i in 0 ..< count { let indexpath : NSIndexPath = NSIndexPath.init(item: i, section: num) let attrs = layoutAttributesForItem(at: indexpath as IndexPath)! attrsArray.append(attrs) } } } // MARK: - cell 对应的布局属性 override func layoutAttributesForItem(at indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes? { let attrs = UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes.init(forCellWith: indexPath) let collectionWidth = collectionView?.frame.size.width // 获得所有 item 的宽度 let itemW = (collectionWidth! - edgeInsetsDefault.left - edgeInsetsDefault.right - CGFloat(columnCountDefault-1) * columnMargin) / CGFloat(columnCountDefault) let itemH = 50 + arc4random_uniform(100) // 找出高度最短那一列 var dextColum : Int = 0 var minH = columnHeightsAry[0] for i in 1 ..< columnCountDefault{ // 取出第 i 列的高度 let columnH = columnHeightsAry[i] if minH > columnH { minH = columnH dextColum = i } } let x = edgeInsetsDefault.left + CGFloat(dextColum) * (itemW + columnMargin) var y = minH if y != edgeInsetsDefault.top{ y = y + itemMargin } attrs.frame = CGRect(x: x, y: y, width: itemW, height: CGFloat(itemH)) // 更新最短那列高度 columnHeightsAry[dextColum] = attrs.frame.maxY return attrs }四、UIScrollView 练习
- 核心代码
// MARK: - 放大缩小 // MARK: 放大 func amplificationBtnClick() { var zoomScale = scrollView.zoomScale // 当前缩放 zoomScale += 0.1 if zoomScale >= scrollView.maximumZoomScale { return } self.scrollView.setZoomScale(zoomScale, animated: true) } // MARK: 缩小 func narrowDownBtnClick() { var zoomScale = scrollView.zoomScale // 当前缩放 zoomScale -= 0.1 if zoomScale <= scrollView.minimumZoomScale { return } self.scrollView.setZoomScale(zoomScale, animated: true) }// MARK: - NNItemBtnViewDelegate 上下左右点击代理extension NNItemScrollView { // MARK: 向左 func leftBtnClickDelegate() { var point = self.scrollView.contentOffset point.x += 100 point.x = point.x >= self.scrollView.contentSize.width ? 0 : point.x scrollView.setContentOffset(point, animated: true) } // MARK: 向右 func rightBtnClickDelegate() { var point = self.scrollView.contentOffset point.x -= 100 point.x = point.x <= -NNScreenWidth ? 0 : point.x scrollView.setContentOffset(point, animated: true) } // MARK: 向上 func topBtnClickDelegate() { var point = self.scrollView.contentOffset point.y += 50 point.y = point.y >= self.scrollView.contentSize.height ? 0 : point.y scrollView.setContentOffset(point, animated: true) } // MARK: 向下 func bottomBtnClickDelegate() { var point = self.scrollView.contentOffset point.y -= 50 point.y = point.y <= -NNScreenHeight ? 0 : point.y scrollView.setContentOffset(point, animated: true) }}五、照相功能，更换头像（建议用真机）
- 核心代码
// MARK: - 点击头像按钮，更换头像 func changePicture() { let alertcontroller = UIAlertController(title: "请选择相片", message: nil, preferredStyle: .actionSheet) let alertaction = UIAlertAction(title: "从相册选取", style: .destructive) { (action) in let imagePicker = UIImagePickerController() imagePicker.delegate = self imagePicker.sourceType = .photoLibrary imagePicker.allowsEditing = true self.present(imagePicker, animated: true, completion: nil) } let alertaction2 = UIAlertAction(title: "拍照", style: .destructive) { (action) in if (!UIImagePickerController.isSourceTypeAvailable(.camera)) { print("设备不支持相机") return } let imagePicker = UIImagePickerController() imagePicker.delegate = self imagePicker.sourceType = .camera imagePicker.allowsEditing = true self.present(imagePicker, animated: true, completion: nil) } let alertAction3 = UIAlertAction(title: "取消", style: .cancel) { (action) in print("取消") } alertcontroller.addAction(alertaction) alertcontroller.addAction(alertaction2) alertcontroller.addAction(alertAction3) present(alertcontroller, animated: true, completion: nil) } // MARK: - UIImagePickerControllerDelegate func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [String : Any]) { let image = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as! UIImage imageView.image = image self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil) }六、二维码扫描及识别（建议用真机）
- 核心代码
// MARK: - 扫描设备设置 func setupScanSession() { do { // 设置捕捉设备 let device = AVCaptureDevice.defaultDevice(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo) // 设置设备输入输出 let input = try AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device) let output = AVCaptureMetadataOutput() output.setMetadataObjectsDelegate(self, queue: DispatchQueue.main) // 设置会话 let scanSession = AVCaptureSession() scanSession.canSetSessionPreset(AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh) if scanSession.canAddInput(input) { scanSession.addInput(input) } if scanSession.canAddOutput(output) { scanSession.addOutput(output) } // 设置扫描类型(二维码和条形码) output.metadataObjectTypes = [ AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode, AVMetadataObjectTypeCode39Code, AVMetadataObjectTypeCode128Code, AVMetadataObjectTypeCode39Mod43Code, AVMetadataObjectTypeEAN13Code, AVMetadataObjectTypeEAN8Code, AVMetadataObjectTypeCode93Code] // 预览图层 let scanPreviewLayer = AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer(session:scanSession) scanPreviewLayer!.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill scanPreviewLayer!.frame = view.layer.bounds view.layer.insertSublayer(scanPreviewLayer!, at: 0) // 设置扫描区域 NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(forName: NSNotification.Name.AVCaptureInputPortFormatDescriptionDidChange, object: nil, queue: nil, using: { (noti) in output.rectOfInterest = (scanPreviewLayer?.metadataOutputRectOfInterest(for:self.scanImageView.frame))! }) // 保存会话 self.scanSession = scanSession } catch { // 摄像头不可用 return } }扫描完成后调用
// MARK: - AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate 扫描捕捉完成extension NNScanCodeController : AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate { func captureOutput(_ captureOutput: AVCaptureOutput!, didOutputMetadataObjects metadataObjects: [Any]!, from connection: AVCaptureConnection!) { // 停止扫描 scanLine.layer.removeAllAnimations() scanSession!.stopRunning() // 扫完完成 if metadataObjects.count > 0 { if let resultObj = metadataObjects.first as? AVMetadataMachineReadableCodeObject { print(resultObj.stringValue) scanResult.text = "扫描结果:" + resultObj.stringValue } } }}识别验证码，从相册中选择
// MARK: - UIImagePickerControllerDelegate, UINavigationControllerDelegateextension NNScanCodeController : UIImagePickerControllerDelegate , UINavigationControllerDelegate { func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [String : Any]) { // 判断是否能取到图片 guard let image = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as? UIImage else { return } // 转成ciimage guard let ciimage = CIImage(image: image) else { return } // 从选中的图片中读取二维码 // 创建探测器 let detector = CIDetector(ofType: CIDetectorTypeQRCode, context: nil, options: [CIDetectorAccuracy : CIDetectorAccuracyLow]) let resoult = (detector?.features(in: ciimage))! scanResult.text = "无法识别" for result in resoult { guard (result as! CIQRCodeFeature).messageString != nil else { return } scanResult.text = "扫描结果:" + (result as! CIQRCodeFeature).messageString! } picker.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil) }}七、随机图片验证码封装
- 核心代码
// MARK: - 绘制图形验证码 override func draw(_ rect: CGRect) { if charString.isEmpty { return; } let textString:String = charString let charSize = textString.substring(to: textString.startIndex).size(attributes: [NSFontAttributeName : UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)]) let width = rect.size.width / CGFloat(charCount) - charSize.width - 15; let hight = rect.size.height - charSize.height; var point: CGPoint var pointX: CGFloat var pointY: CGFloat for i in 0..<textString.characters.count { let char = CGFloat(i) pointX = (CGFloat)(arc4random() % UInt32(Float(width))) + rect.size.width / (CGFloat)(textString.characters.count) * char pointY = (CGFloat)(arc4random() % UInt32(Float(hight))) point = CGPoint(x: pointX, y: pointY) let charStr = textString[textString.index(textString.startIndex, offsetBy:i)] let string = String(charStr) string.draw(at: point,withAttributes:([NSFontAttributeName : UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)])) } drawLine(rect) } // MARK: - 绘制干扰线 func drawLine(_ rect: CGRect) { let context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext() context!.setLineWidth(1.0) var pointX = 0.0 var pointY = 0.0 for _ in 0..<lineCount { context!.setStrokeColor(randomColor().cgColor) pointX = Double(arc4random() % UInt32(Float(rect.size.width))) pointY = Double(arc4random() % UInt32(Float(rect.size.height))) context?.move(to: CGPoint(x: pointX, y: pointY)) pointX = Double(CGFloat(arc4random() % UInt32(Float(rect.size.width)))) pointY = Double(CGFloat(arc4random() % UInt32(Float(rect.size.height)))) context?.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: pointX, y: pointY)) context!.strokePath() } }OC版本：iOS开发 - 随机图片验证码封装-http://www.jianshu.com/p/936d2e06fd26
八、圆形输入框封装
- 核心代码
// MARK: - 监听文本输入 核心操作 func textFieldDidChange(_ textField: UITextField) { let i = textField.text?.characters.count if i! > labelCount { return } if i == 0 { ((labelArr.object(at: 0)) as! UILabel).text = "" ((labelArr.object(at: 0)) as! UILabel).layer.borderColor = defaultColor.cgColor } else { ((labelArr.object(at: (i! - 1))) as! UILabel).text = (textField.text! as NSString).substring(with: NSMakeRange(i! - 1, 1)) ((labelArr.object(at: (i! - 1))) as! UILabel).layer.borderColor = changedColor.cgColor ((labelArr.object(at: (i! - 1))) as! UILabel).textColor = changedColor if labelCount > i! { ((labelArr.object(at: (i!))) as! UILabel).text = "" ((labelArr.object(at: (i!))) as! UILabel).layer.borderColor = defaultColor.cgColor } } } // MARK: - setupUI func setupUI() { setupTextField() var labelX = CGFloat() let labelY : CGFloat = 0.0 let labelWidth = self.width / CGFloat(labelCount) let sideLength = labelWidth < self.height ? labelWidth : self.height for i in 0..<labelCount { if i == 0 { labelX = 0 } else { labelX = CGFloat(i) * (sideLength + labelDistance) } let label = UILabel(frame: CGRect(x: labelX, y: labelY, width: sideLength, height: sideLength)) self.addSubview(label) label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.center label.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor label.layer.borderWidth = 1.0 label.layer.cornerRadius = sideLength / 2.0 labelArr.add(label) } } // MARK: - UITextFieldDelegate // MARK: 监听输入框 func textField(_ textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersIn range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool { // 允许删除 if (string.characters.count == 0) { return true } else if (textField.text?.characters.count)! >= labelCount { return false } else { return true } } // MARK: 回车收起键盘 func textFieldShouldReturn(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool { textField.resignFirstResponder() return false }OC版本：iOS开发 - 圆形验证码(或密码)输入框的封装-http://www.jianshu.com/p/fce6bd4038eb
九、第三方库 SnapKit 用法
- 示例代码
func addRedView() { redView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red view.addSubview(redView) // redView 距离父视图四条边的距离都是 50 redView.snp.makeConstraints { (make) in make.edges.equalTo(view).inset(50) } } func addBlueView() { blueView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue view.addSubview(blueView) // blueView 左边距离父视图为 0；上边距离父视图为 0；size 是(50，50) blueView.snp.makeConstraints { (make) in make.left.equalTo(0) make.top.equalTo(0) make.size.equalTo(CGSize(width: 50, height: 50)) } } func addBlackView() { blackView.backgroundColor = UIColor.black view.addSubview(blackView) // blackView 左边和 redView 的右边距离为 0；大小与 blueView 相同；且与 blueView 上对齐 blackView.snp.makeConstraints { (make) in make.left.equalTo(redView.snp.right) make.size.equalTo(blueView) make.top.equalTo(blueView) } } func addCyanView() { cyanView.backgroundColor = UIColor.cyan view.addSubview(cyanView) // cyanView 与 blueView 左对齐；cyanView 的顶部距离 redView 的底部 10；cyanView 的高是40；cyanView 与 blueView 等宽 cyanView.snp.makeConstraints { (make) in make.trailing.equalTo(blueView) make.top.equalTo(redView.snp.bottom).offset(10) make.height.equalTo(40) make.width.equalTo(blueView) } } func addYellowView() { yellowView.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellow view.addSubview(yellowView) // yellowView 顶部与 redView 的底部对齐；yellowView 与 blackView 左对齐；yellowView 与 blueView 相同大小 yellowView.snp.makeConstraints { (make) in make.top.equalTo(redView.snp.bottom) make.trailing.equalTo(blackView) make.size.equalTo(blueView) } } func addWhiteView() { whiteView.backgroundColor = UIColor.white redView.addSubview(whiteView) // whiteView 的父视图是 redView，距离父视图四条边的距离分别是（30，10，30，10） whiteView.snp.makeConstraints { (make) in // 第一种方式 make.edges.equalTo(redView).inset(UIEdgeInsets(top: 30, left: 10, bottom: 30, right: 10)) // 第二种方式// make.top.equalTo(redView).offset(30)// make.left.equalTo(redView).offset(10)// make.bottom.equalTo(redView).offset(-30)// make.right.equalTo(redView).offset(-10) // 第三种方式// make.top.left.bottom.right.equalTo(redView).inset(UIEdgeInsets(top: 30, left: 10, bottom: 30, right: 10)) } }详情代码，请移步到 https://github.com/liuzhongning/NNMintFurniture 中查看，如有疑问或有建议的地方，欢迎讨论。另外代码中有一个名为 guide.swift 的类，简单标出了代码的结构，更方便阅读。
会持续更新……
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