Mysql之基于日志主从复制

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MySQL主从复制

Mysql概要

MySQL5.6主从复制方式：基于日志（binlog）、基于GTID（全局事务标示符）
原理：Master将数据变更记录到二进制日志中（配置文件binary log）；
Slave通过I/O线程读取Master中的二进制日志事件并写入到它的中继日志（relay log）；
Slave重做中继日志中的事件，把中继日志的事件信息一条一条的在本地执行一次，完成数据在本地的存储，从而将改变映射到自己的数据

主从配置注意点

主从服务器操作系统版本和位数一致；
Master和Slave数据库的版本要一致；
Master和Slave数据库中的数据要一致；
Master开启二进制日志，Master和Slave的server_id在局域网内必须唯一；

主从配置（基于日志）

Master

[root@server6 ~]# hostname -i # Master IP192.168.109.142[root@server6 ~]# uname -r # 内核版本3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64[root@server6 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb # 所安装的数据库包mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64[root@server6 ~]# systemctl status firewalld # 查看防火墙状态，不关闭肯能导致数据库不能同步连接鈼firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: inactive (dead)     Docs: man:firewalld(1)[root@server6 ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@server6 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socksymbolic-links=0log-bin=mysql-binserver-id=142[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# hostname -i192.168.109.143[root@server7 ~]# uname -r3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64[root@server7 ~]# systemctl status firewalld鈼firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: inactive (dead)     Docs: man:firewalld(1)[root@server7 ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@server7 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadbmariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64[root@server7 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socksymbolic-links=0log-bin=mysql-binserver-id=143[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

Master

[root@server6 ~]# systemctl start mariadb[root@server6 ~]# systemctl status mariadb鈼[0m mariadb.service - MariaDB database server   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-08-23 15:43:59 CST; 33min ago[root@server6 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         32907      4408/mysqld  [root@server6 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password 'centos' # 设置数据库root密码[root@server6 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb # 开启数据库

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb[root@server7 ~]# systemctl status mariadb鈼[0m mariadb.service - MariaDB database server   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-08-23 15:43:59 CST; 33min ago[root@server7 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         35717      5261/mysqld [root@server7 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password 'centos'[root@server7 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

Master

[root@server6 ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: ...MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to ly@'192.168.109.%' identified by 'centos'; # 授权给网段ly用户，并设置密码为centosMariaDB [(none)]> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000008 |      245 |              |                  |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: ...MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.109.142',master_user='ly',master_password='centos',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',master_log_pos=245;MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.109.142                  Master_User: ly                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245               Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000004                Relay_Log_Pos: 529        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245              Relay_Log_Space: 1109              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 142

Master

MariaDB [(none)]> create database rencaiku;MariaDB [(none)]> use rencaiku;MariaDB [(none)]> create table user(id int(8)not null,name int (15) not null);MariaDB [rencaiku]> insert into user values(1,'0');MariaDB [rencaiku]> show tables;+--------------------+| Tables_in_rencaiku |+--------------------+| user               |+--------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [rencaiku]> select * from user;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+|  1 |    0 |+----+------+

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || rencaiku           || test               |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> use rencaiku;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedMariaDB [rencaiku]> select * from user;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+|  1 |    0 |+----+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@server7 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         35717      5261/mysqld         tcp        0      0 192.168.109.143:38526   192.168.109.142:3306    ESTABLISHED 27         46369      5261/mysqld   [root@server6 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         47069      7564/mysqld         tcp        0      0 192.168.109.142:3306    192.168.109.143:38526   ESTABLISHED 27         47350      7564/mysqld

解决主从复制不一样

1.Slave_IO_Running: Connecting很有可能因为防火墙没关，再同步一下日志即可检查防火墙，关闭防火墙；disabled selinux

2.日志不统一，那么进行统一日志和pos在 Slave节点上stop slave;在 Master节点上show master status;+------------------+| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000008 |      637 |              |                  |+------------------+----------+--------------在Slave节点上MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.109.142',master_user='ly',master_password='centos',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',master_log_pos=637;start slave;show slave status\G;

尽可能mysql选择版本相同的

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