lnmp环境搭建

查看Linux版本

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ etc]# lsb_release -aLSB Version:    :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarchDistributor ID: CentOSDescription:    CentOS release 6.8 (Final)Release:    6.8Codename:   Final[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ etc]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

一、安装Nginx
准备工作，安装Nginx前先安装如下依赖:
安装nginx需要先将官网下载的源码进行编译，编译依赖gcc环境，如果没有gcc环境，需要安装gcc.

PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)是一个Perl库，包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式，所以需要在linux上安装pcre库。

zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式，nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip，所以需要在linux上安装zlib库。

OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库，囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及SSL协议，并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。
nginx不仅支持http协议，还支持https（即在ssl协议上传输http），所以需要在linux安装openssl库。

1.gcc 安装：yum install gcc-c++2.PCRE pcre-devel 安装：yum install -y pcre pcre-devel3.zlib 安装: yum install -y zlib zlib-devel4.OpenSSL 安装:yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

1.编译安装Nginx

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ local]# cd /usr/local[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ local]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz1.下载wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz2.解压tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz3.cd nginx-1.13.4编译./configure \--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \--with-http_gzip_static_module \--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi可以看到Configuration summary  + using system PCRE library  + OpenSSL library is not used  + using system zlib library  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"  nginx pid file: "/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid"  nginx error log file: "/var/log/nginx/error.log"  nginx http access log file: "/var/log/nginx/access.log"  nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/temp/nginx/client"  nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/temp/nginx/proxy"  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi"  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi"  nginx http scgi temporary files: "/var/temp/nginx/scgi"编译安装4.make5.make install

2.安装成功查看安装目录

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \        || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'test -d '/var/log/nginx' \        || mkdir -p '/var/log/nginx'make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/nginx-1.13.4'[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ nginx-1.13.4]# cd ..[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ local]# lsaegis  games    lib64    nginx-1.13.4         sharebin    include  libexec  nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz  srcetc    lib      nginx    sbin[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ local]# cd nginx[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ nginx]# lltotal 12drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 00:08 confdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 00:08 htmldrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 00:08 sbin[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ nginx]# 

3.运行Nginx，进入到sbin目录下执行./nginx,出现这个错误只需root下手动创建目录即可。

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# ./nginxnginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/temp/nginx/client" failed (2: No such file or directory)[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# pwd/usr/local/nginx/sbin[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# ./nginxnginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/temp/nginx/client" failed (2: No such file or directory)[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# mkdir -p /var/temp/nginx/client[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# ./nginx

查看配置信息是否正确

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tnginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

4.查看Nginx进程ps aux | grep nginx

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# mkdir -p /var/temp/nginx/client[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# ./nginx[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ sbin]# ps aux | grep nginxroot      4259  0.0  0.0  22060   660 ?        Ss   00:22   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginxnobody    4260  0.0  0.1  22504  1256 ?        S    00:22   0:00 nginx: worker processroot      4262  0.0  0.0 105368   884 pts/0    S+   00:25   0:00 grep nginx

5.输入IP测试nginx是否正常运行

6.创建Nginx启动脚本
首先添加用户nginx，实现以之运行nginx服务进程：

# groupadd -r nginx# useradd -r -g nginx nginx

查看Nginx用户及用户组

cat /etc/passwdcat /etc/group

参考官方脚本

https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/redhatnginxinit/

先关闭Nginx

pkill -9 nginx 

添加脚本，在init.d添加Nginx启动脚本

vi /etc/init.d/nginx 

#!/bin/sh## nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig:   - 85 15 # description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginxmake_dirs() {   # make required directories   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`   for opt in $options; do       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then               # echo "creating" $value               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value           fi       fi   done}start() {    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6    make_dirs    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile    return $retval}stop() {    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "    killproc $prog -QUIT    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile    return $retval}restart() {    configtest || return $?    stop    sleep 1    start}reload() {    configtest || return $?    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "    killproc $nginx -HUP    RETVAL=$?    echo}force_reload() {    restart}configtest() {  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE}rh_status() {    status $prog}rh_status_q() {    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case "$1" in    start)        rh_status_q && exit 0        $1        ;;    stop)        rh_status_q || exit 0        $1        ;;    restart|configtest)        $1        ;;    reload)        rh_status_q || exit 7        $1        ;;    force-reload)        force_reload        ;;    status)        rh_status        ;;    condrestart|try-restart)        rh_status_q || exit 0            ;;    *)        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"        exit 2esac

记得修改脚本

nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

改变nginx脚本权限

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx 

添加进service管理服务并设置开机启动

chkconfig –add nginx chkconfig nginx on 

服务启动测试

service nginx start

加入到环境变量

vim /etc/profile

尾行添加

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbinexport PATH

保存关闭后运行 source /etc/profile 即会加入环境变量

二、安装mysql
一般分为以下几种安装方式：

• yum
• rpm包
• 常规编译安装
• cmake安装
• 二进制包安装

如何使用：
- 个人使用yum或rpm包安装
- 企业多使用常规编译和查马克及二进制包安装方式

centos的yum源安装的mysql版本太老，这里用编译安装mysql

1.安装编译代码需要的包

yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel

2.下载mysql

  cd /usr/local/

  1 wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz  2 tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz   3 cd mysql-5.7.19

3.编译

cmake \-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_READLINE=1 \-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

注意最后一行配置，是下载boost包的，如果没有boost包，编译会报错：

4.安装

make && make install

会出现以下错误，阿里云centos主机512M内存的， 会在make编译到45%时会报错， 这是内存不足所致。

c++: Internal error: Killed (program cc1plus)Please submit a full bug report.See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.make[2]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_geofunc.cc.o] Error 1make[1]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/all] Error 2make: *** [all] Error 2

解决方法：
出错后重新运行配置，需要删除CMakeCache.txt文件

# make clean # rm -f CMakeCache.txt 

设置2G交换分区

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1k count=2048000 --获取要增加的2G的SWAP文件块# mkswap /swapfile     -- 创建SWAP文件# swapon /swapfile     -- 激活SWAP文件# swapon -s            -- 查看SWAP信息是否正确# echo "/var/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab -- -- 添加到fstab文件中让系统引导时自动启动 

注意, swapfile文件的路径在/var/下

重新使用cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX…

[100%]Built target my_safe_process #此处make完成

-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ mysql-5.7.19]# # 此处make install完成

编译完后, 如果不想要交换分区了, 可以删除:

# swapoff /swapfile# rm -fr /swapfile

创建mysql组和mysql用户

groupadd mysqluseradd -r -g mysql mysql

useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统。
useradd -g参数表示把mysql用户添加到mysql用户组中。
修改/usr/local/mysql权限

创建data目录

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data 

修改当前目录的所有者为mysql用户

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

初始化配置：

===========================================
mysql5.7和之前版本不同，很多资料上都是这个命令：../scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql，而mysql5.7的mysql_install_db命令是在bin目录下 的并且建议 用 mysqld –initialize命令
mysql5.7之前版本初始化配置表命令：

 script/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

–user 启动mysql的用户
–basedir mysql安装目录
–datadir mysql数据仓库目录

==========================================

cd /usr/local/mysql bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/2017-08-26T10:00:22.235755Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2017-08-26T10:00:24.305929Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902017-08-26T10:00:24.520554Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2017-08-26T10:00:24.630442Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 61349e3b-8a45-11e7-929c-00163e04e9fa.2017-08-26T10:00:24.633411Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2017-08-26T10:00:24.633981Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: j,Dsw./Rs2k)

重要：
注意最后一行，这也是和之有版本不同的地方，它给了root一个初始密码，后面要登录的时候要用到这个密码。j,Dsw./Rs2k)

将mysql/目录下除了data/目录的所有文件，改回root用户所有，mysql用户只需作为mysql/data/目录下所有文件的所有者。

cd /usr/local/mysqlchown -R root:root ./ chown -R mysql:mysql ./data

修改/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysql# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

修改为datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

创建目录

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql/ chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

设置开机启动

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/cp mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqlchmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql 

把mysql注册为开机启动的服务

chkconfig --add mysql

查看是否添加成功

[root@iZwz96pb4qob9lpzadqipkZ init.d]# chkconfig --list mysqlmysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

修改启动脚本vim /etc/init.d/mysql ，将basedir和datadir补全

basedir='/usr/local/mysql'datadir='/usr/local/mysql/data'

启动mysql

service mysql start

修改MySQL密码

vi /etc/my.cnf 在[mysqld]下添加一行 skip-grant-tablesservice mysql restartmysql #现在可以免密码登陆update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('test') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost';#特别提醒注意的一点是，新版的mysql数据库下的user表中已经没有Password字段flush privileges;quit;

三、安装php7.1.8
此次采用编译安装php7.1.8

1.下载

1.cd /usr/local2.wget http://hk1.php.net/get/php-7.1.8.tar.gz/from/this/mirror3. tar -zxvf mirror

2.编译
编译之前需要安装一下依赖，否则会报错

# yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel MySQL pcre-devel

# yum -y install curl-devel# yum -y install libxslt-devel

编译

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-curl \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-gd \ --with-gettext \ --with-iconv-dir \ --with-kerberos \ --with-libdir=lib64 \ --with-libxml-dir \ --with-mysqli \ --with-openssl \ --with-pcre-regex \ --with-pdo-mysql \ --with-pdo-sqlite \ --with-pear \ --with-png-dir \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-xsl \ --with-zlib \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-libxml \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-soap \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-xml \ --enable-zip \ --with-jpeg-dir \  --disable-fileinfo

–with-jpeg-dir \ 安装这个防止Call to undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg()

–disable-fileinfo 防止小内存vps编译安装php时遇到virtual memory exhausted: Cannot allocate memory，很有可能会出现问题，因为编译过程是一个内存消耗较大的动作。

成功后会输出：

Thank you for using PHP.

3.make
make完成后会出现以下内容

Generating phar.phpGenerating phar.pharPEAR package PHP_Archive not installed: generated phar will require PHP's phar extension be enabled.directorytreeiterator.incdirectorygraphiterator.incpharcommand.incclicommand.incinvertedregexiterator.incphar.incBuild complete.Don't forget to run 'make test'.

4.make install
完成后如下图所示

Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.confYou may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path/usr/local/php-7.1.8/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/binln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/pharInstalling PDO headers:           /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/

5.配置文件

# cd /usr/local/php-7.1.8# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf# cd /usr/local/php-7.1.8# cp -R ./sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

添加php-fpm启动脚本

chmod  +x /etc/init.d/php-fpmchkconfig --add php-fpmchkconfig --list php-fpmchkconfig php-fpm on

启动服务

service php-fpm start或/etc/init.d/php-fpm start

将php加入系统变量

sudo vi /etc/profileexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin #在文件后面添加这行source /etc/profile #让修改生效

配置Nginx支持解析php，修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,添加location ~ .php这段。

keepalive_timeout  65;    #gzip  on;    server {        listen       80;        server_name  localhost;        #charset koi8-r;        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;    location ~ \.php {        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;        fastcgi_index /index.php;        include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;        fastcgi_split_path_info       ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;        fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;    }