性能分析4~jmap命令分析:堆信息、内存溢出

来源:互联网 发布:世界各地社交软件 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/05 20:23

先看一个例子:jmap -heap pid该命令用于:展示pid的整体堆信息,运行结果如下

zhengchao1991deMacBook-Pro:~ zhengchao1991$ jmap -heap 33628Attaching to process ID 33628, please wait...Debugger attached successfully.Server compiler detected.JVM version is 24.79-b02using thread-local object allocation.Parallel GC with 8 thread(s)Heap Configuration:   MinHeapFreeRatio = 0   MaxHeapFreeRatio = 100   MaxHeapSize      = 536870912 (512.0MB)   NewSize          = 1310720 (1.25MB)   MaxNewSize       = 17592186044415 MB   OldSize          = 5439488 (5.1875MB)   NewRatio         = 2   SurvivorRatio    = 8   PermSize         = 21757952 (20.75MB)   MaxPermSize      = 268435456 (256.0MB)   G1HeapRegionSize = 0 (0.0MB)Heap Usage:PS Young GenerationEden Space:   capacity = 145227776 (138.5MB)   used     = 3721808 (3.5493927001953125MB)   free     = 141505968 (134.9506072998047MB)   2.5627384116933665% usedFrom Space:   capacity = 7864320 (7.5MB)   used     = 0 (0.0MB)   free     = 7864320 (7.5MB)   0.0% usedTo Space:   capacity = 7864320 (7.5MB)   used     = 0 (0.0MB)   free     = 7864320 (7.5MB)   0.0% usedPS Old Generation   capacity = 157810688 (150.5MB)   used     = 111650416 (106.47813415527344MB)   free     = 46160272 (44.02186584472656MB)   70.74959080084614% usedPS Perm Generation   capacity = 129499136 (123.5MB)   used     = 129255872 (123.26800537109375MB)   free     = 243264 (0.23199462890625MB)   99.81215009805162% used45138 interned Strings occupying 4690064 bytes.

这些参数有什么用呢,我们看如下几行:

PS Young Generation  Eden Space:#Eden区内存分布     capacity = 87883776 (83.8125MB)     used     = 31053080 (29.614524841308594MB)     free     = 56830696 (54.197975158691406MB)     35.33425782706469% used  From Space:#其中一个Survivor区的内存分布     capacity = 13828096 (13.1875MB)     used     = 196608 (0.1875MB)     free     = 13631488 (13.0MB)     1.4218009478672986% used  To Space:#另一个Survivor区的内存分布     capacity = 16384000 (15.625MB)     used     = 0 (0.0MB)     free     = 16384000 (15.625MB)     0.0% used  PS Old Generation#当前的Old区内存分布     capacity = 156172288 (148.9375MB)     used     = 27098208 (25.842864990234375MB)     free     = 129074080 (123.09463500976562MB)     17.35148299805917% used 

我们可以看出:年轻代三个区域(eden、From Space、To Space)的大小、年老代的大小,以及已经使用、剩余的大小;
根据这些结果、再结合:
jstat   -gcnew pid:查询new对象的信息
jstat   -gcold   pid:查询old对象的信息
这两条命令中的gc频率,我们可以得出设置的各个代的大小是否合理,若不合理,如何调整。调整的策略必须以实际应用为主,比如说:full gc的时间停顿让客户感觉明显,我们分析原因得知是old区域设置的过大,导致一次full gc需要的时间过久;如果我们直接缩小old区域的大小,又回发现full gc过于频繁;这个时候也许我们需要更换gc的算法........

我们现在开始看jmap的定义:

Usage:    jmap [option] <pid>        (to connect to running process)    jmap [option] <executable <core>        (to connect to a core file)    jmap [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>        (to connect to remote debug server) where <option> is one of:    <none>               to print same info as Solaris pmap    -heap                to print java heap summary    -histo[:live]        to print histogram of java object heap; if the "live"                         suboption is specified, only count live objects    -permstat            to print permanent generation statistics    -finalizerinfo       to print information on objects awaiting finalization    -dump:<dump-options> to dump java heap in hprof binary format                         dump-options:                           live         dump only live objects; if not specified,                                        all objects in the heap are dumped.                           format=b     binary format                           file=<file>  dump heap to <file>                         Example: jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin <pid>    -F                   force. Use with -dump:<dump-options> <pid> or -histo                         to force a heap dump or histogram when <pid> does not                         respond. The "live" suboption is not supported                         in this mode.    -h | -help           to print this help message    -J<flag>             to pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

我们先只看几个简单的:

 -heap:打印jvm heap的情况

 -histo:打印jvm heap的直方图。其输出信息包括类名,对象数量,对象占用大小。


-heap上面已经给出过例子了,下面我们用-histo来分析内存溢出;
首先写一个能导致内存溢出的程序:

package deadlock;import java.math.BigDecimal;public class Apple {public String name;public BigDecimal price;public Apple(String name, BigDecimal price) {this.name = name;this.price = price;System.out.println(name);}}package deadlock;import java.math.BigDecimal;public class TestJmap {public static void main(String[] args){int i=0;while(true){new Apple("apple"+i++,BigDecimal.ONE);}}}

运行后,执行如下命令:

zhengchao1991deMacBook-Pro:~ zhengchao1991$ jmap -histo 38876 num     #instances         #bytes  class name----------------------------------------------   1:        293271       14077008  java.nio.HeapCharBuffer   2:        147692        5957408  [C   3:        147672        3544128  java.lang.String   4:        146636        3519264  deadlock.Apple   5:           116        2852184  [I   6:          6162         794048  <methodKlass>   7:          6162         718552  <constMethodKlass>   8:           403         488912  <constantPoolKlass>   9:           367         300000  <constantPoolCacheKlass>  10:           403         278312  <instanceKlassKlass>  11:           565          94464  [B  12:           466          45816  java.lang.Class  13:           688          45360  [[I  14:           613          38072  [S  15:            46          25024  <objArrayKlassKlass>  16:            73          24952  <meth
我们看这几行:
num     #instances         #bytes  class name----------------------------------------------   1:        293271       14077008  java.nio.HeapCharBuffer   2:        147692        5957408  [C   3:        147672        3544128  java.lang.String   4:        146636        3519264  deadlock.Apple

发现产生了140000多个Apple实例,140000多个String对象,并且在不断的增加,这是肯定有问题的,至于怎么修改,由于我们写的程序没有太大的意义,就不做说明了,根据实际情况来修改,此处只是为了展示。

总结:给的例子并不好,想说的是,根据命令的输出结果去发现异常信息最重要。

分析问题流程:
1.
如果程序内存不足或者频繁GC,很有可能存在内存泄露情况,这时候就要借助JavaDump查看对象的情况。
2.
要制作堆Dump可以直接使用jvm自带的jmap命令
3.
可以先使用jmap -heap命令查看堆的使用情况,看一下各个堆空间的占用情况。
4.
使用jmap -histo:[live]查看堆内存中的对象的情况。如果有大量对象在持续被引用,并没有被释放掉,那就产生了内存泄露,就要结合代码,把不用的对象释放掉。
5.
也可以使用 jmap -dump:format=b,file=<fileName>命令将堆信息保存到一个文件中,再借助jhat命令查看详细内容
6.
在内存出现泄露、溢出或者其它前提条件下,建议多dump几次内存,把内存文件进行编号归档,便于后续内存整理分析。



阅读全文
1 0
原创粉丝点击