Mockito 学习篇（一）

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Mockito是单元测试的利器，对多种测试场景有良好的支持，因此有必要了解他是如何使用的。来，直接看下列代码示例：
import org.junit.After;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;import org.mockito.InOrder;import org.mockito.Mock;import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.List;import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;/** * MockitoTester. * * @author zxb * @version 1.0 * @since <pre>08/26/2017</pre> */@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)public class MockitoTest {    @Before    public void before() throws Exception {    }    @After    public void after() throws Exception {    }    @Mock    private List annotationMockList;    @Test    public void test() {//        Integer i = mock(Integer.class); //编译正常，运行时异常，基本数据类型或其包装类//        String ss = mock(String.class); //编译正常，运行时异常，final类//        Mockito cannot mock/spy following: final classes、anonymous classes、primitive types        List mockedList = mock(List.class);        mockedList.add("one");        mockedList.clear();        //验证函数的确切、最少、从未调用次数        verify(mockedList).add("one");  //至少一次，否则报错        verify(mockedList).clear();        verify(mockedList, times(1)).clear();        verify(mockedList, atLeastOnce()).clear();        verify(mockedList, atLeast(1)).clear();  //至少1次        verify(mockedList, atMost(2)).clear(); //至多2次        verify(mockedList, never()).remove(0);        LinkedList linkedList = mock(LinkedList.class);        //验证打桩        when(linkedList.get(0)).thenReturn("first");        System.out.println(linkedList.get(0));   //打印：first        //验证异常        when(linkedList.get(1)).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());  //抛出异常        try {            System.out.println(linkedList.get(1));        } catch (Exception ex) {            System.out.println("Exception ! "); //打印：Exception !        }        //未打桩默认值        System.out.println(linkedList.get(999));  //打印：null 对象默认值        System.out.println(linkedList.contains("1")); //打印：false  布尔默认值        System.out.println(linkedList.subList(0, 5)); //打印：[]  集合默认值        System.out.println(linkedList.size()); //打印：0        //使用参数匹配器        when(linkedList.get(anyInt())).thenReturn("element");        System.out.println(linkedList.get(999));  //打印：element        //使用自定义的参数匹配器        when(linkedList.contains(argThat(new isStringMatcher()))).thenReturn(true);        //等价：when(linkedList.contains(anyString())).thenReturn(true);        System.out.println(linkedList.contains("hello"));  // 不是String类型就会报错，打印：true        //参数匹配器来验证        verify(linkedList).contains(eq("hello")); // 不是 hello 就会报错        //如果你使用参数匹配器,所有参数都必须由匹配器提供。        when(linkedList.subList(anyInt(), anyInt())).thenReturn(new ArrayList());        try {            when(linkedList.subList(0, anyInt())).thenReturn(new ArrayList());        } catch (Exception ex) {            System.out.println("要么都是参数匹配器，要么都不是 ! "); //打印：要么都是参数匹配器，要么都不是 !        }        System.out.println(linkedList.subList(0, 5));  //打印：[]        //无法为返回值为void的类型打桩        //when(linkedList.clear());        //验证单个对象执行顺序        List singleMock = mock(List.class);        singleMock.add("was added first");        singleMock.add("was added second");        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(singleMock);        inOrder.verify(singleMock).add("was added first");        //查找冗余的调用(即未被验证到的)  如果这个位置执行会报异常，因为second还没验证        try {            verifyNoMoreInteractions(singleMock);        } catch (Error error) {  //使用Error来捕获            System.out.println("second还没验证 ! "); //打印：second还没验证 !        }        inOrder.verify(singleMock).add("was added second");        //验证多对象执行顺序        List firstMock = mock(List.class);        List secondMock = mock(List.class);        firstMock.add("was added first");        secondMock.add("was added second");        InOrder inOrder2 = inOrder(firstMock, secondMock);        inOrder2.verify(firstMock).add("was added first");        inOrder2.verify(secondMock).add("was added second");        // 验证mock对象没有交互过        verifyZeroInteractions(firstMock, secondMock);        //为连续的调用做测试桩 (stub)        when(linkedList.size()).thenThrow(new RuntimeException()).thenReturn(2);        try {            System.out.println(linkedList.size());        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("Exception ! ");//打印：Exception !        }        System.out.println(linkedList.size());        //后续调用 : 也是输出2        System.out.println(linkedList.size());        when(linkedList.size()).thenReturn(11, 22, 33);        System.out.println(linkedList.size());//打印：11        System.out.println(linkedList.size());//打印：22        System.out.println(linkedList.size());//打印：33        System.out.println(linkedList.size());//打印：33  用最后一个为准        //用回调的方式做测试桩        when(linkedList.get(anyInt())).thenAnswer(new Answer<String>() {            @Override            public String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {                Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();                Object mock = invocation.getMock();                return "called with arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args);            }        });        System.out.println(linkedList.get(123456));//打印：called with arguments: [123456]        //注解方式简化mock对象创建        annotationMockList.add("mock");        verify(annotationMockList).add("mock");    }    /**     * 是否是string类型参数，自定义判断传入的参数，类似anyString()     */    class isStringMatcher extends ArgumentMatcher {        @Override        public boolean matches(Object argument) {            if (argument instanceof String) {                return true;            }            return false;        }    }}
Mockito学习篇目录：
Mockito 学习篇（一）
Mockito 学习篇（二）
Mockito 学习篇（三）
Mockito 学习篇（四）完结
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