基于Spring的ApplicationContext获取方式

这里主要讲解基于实际开发中获取Spring上下文的方式，区别于通过加载xml的方式(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext()和FileSystemXmlApplicationContext())。

原因:在实际Web项目启动时，Web服务器就会初始化加载Spring容器,如果在程序运行期间，再次通过加载XMl的方式获取,相当于重复加载，无疑是非常耗时的,其次我们在开发中获取ApplicationContext大多是为了抽成Util类或者getBean的Static方法。



类似于加载XML的方式我们大多用在测试环境中,在系统不启动的情况下，我们手动初始化Spring容器来获取到上下文对象。

第一种：

//第一种 是目标Bean继承ApplicationContextAware接口,实现setApplicationContext方法applicationContext.getBean("myBean2",MyBean2.class).getApplicationContext();

package com.harry.spring4.demo2;import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class MyBean2 implements ApplicationContextAware {private ApplicationContext applicationContext;@Overridepublic void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {this.applicationContext = applicationContext;}public void getApplicationContext(){System.out.println("MyBean2: " + applicationContext.getClass());}}

实现思路: ApplicationContextAware的实现是基于BeanPostProcessor接口，BeanPostProcessor是Spring容器Bean的后置处理器，即每个Bean在容器中装配实例化前，都会调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization方法。

Spring源码:

protected void prepareBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {// Tell the internal bean factory to use the context's class loader etc.beanFactory.setBeanClassLoader(getClassLoader());beanFactory.setBeanExpressionResolver(new StandardBeanExpressionResolver(beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader()));beanFactory.addPropertyEditorRegistrar(new ResourceEditorRegistrar(this, getEnvironment()));// Configure the bean factory with context callbacks.beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationContextAwareProcessor(this));

ApplicationContextAwareProcessor实现BeanPostProcessorj接口:

class ApplicationContextAwareProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {private final ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext;private final StringValueResolver embeddedValueResolver;/** * Create a new ApplicationContextAwareProcessor for the given context. */public ApplicationContextAwareProcessor(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {this.applicationContext = applicationContext;this.embeddedValueResolver = new EmbeddedValueResolver(applicationContext.getBeanFactory());}

核心方法:

@Overridepublic Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(final Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {AccessControlContext acc = null;if (System.getSecurityManager() != null &&(bean instanceof EnvironmentAware || bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware ||bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware || bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware ||bean instanceof MessageSourceAware || bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware)) {acc = this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory().getAccessControlContext();}if (acc != null) {AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {@Overridepublic Object run() {invokeAwareInterfaces(bean);return null;}}, acc);}else {invokeAwareInterfaces(bean);}return bean;}private void invokeAwareInterfaces(Object bean) {if (bean instanceof Aware) {if (bean instanceof EnvironmentAware) {((EnvironmentAware) bean).setEnvironment(this.applicationContext.getEnvironment());}if (bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware) {((EmbeddedValueResolverAware) bean).setEmbeddedValueResolver(this.embeddedValueResolver);}if (bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {((ResourceLoaderAware) bean).setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);}if (bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) bean).setApplicationEventPublisher(this.applicationContext);}if (bean instanceof MessageSourceAware) {((MessageSourceAware) bean).setMessageSource(this.applicationContext);}if (bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {((ApplicationContextAware) bean).setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext);}}}

注: Spring在创建BeanFactory时的prepareBeanFactory方法中添加一个BeanPostProcessor的实现类ApplicationContextAwareProcessor,这样在每个Bean实例化时都会执行postProcessBeforeInitialization方法，在postProcessBeforeInitialization方法中可以看出他会去判断如果Bean是ApplicationContextAware的实例,则将当前applicationContext容器设置进去，类似于暴露一个钩子方法setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext)，供我们去实现，这样就能拿到运行环境中的applicationContext了

第二种

package com.harry.spring4.demo2;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class MyBean3{private ApplicationContext applicationContext;public MyBean3(ApplicationContext applicationContext){this.applicationContext = applicationContext;}public void getApplicationContext(){System.out.println("MyBean3: " + applicationContext.getClass());}}

实现思路: 基于Spring4.x的新特性，在实例化目标Bean时，对需要参数的构造方法，Spring会自动去匹配当前容器中已经装配好的参数对象进行传入，类似于传入applicationContext

注意: 这种方式，实例化Bean的构造方法只能有一个，如果有多个他会默认调用无参的构造方法，如果没有无参的构造方法,在初始化的时候会报错误，提示不知以哪种构造方法实例化对象，同时构造方法的参数必须都要在Spring容器中已经装配

最后：在实际开发中，通常使用第一种方式直接通过接口的实现方法进行获取，第二种方式Spring容器还有个参数匹配注入的过程，同时相比较与第二种，第一种的实现方式代码看起来更优雅! ^_^