mysql查询语句实例 复杂mysql查询

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1、单表查询

(1)选择指定的列

[例]查询全体学生的学号和姓名


select Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名 from student;

select Sno,Sname from student;


(2)查询全部列

[例]查询全体学生的详细信息


select * from student;


(3)对查询后的指定列进行命名

[例]查询全部学生的“姓名”及其“出生年”两列


select Sname as 姓名,(2014-Sage) as 出生年 from student;

select Sname ,(2014-Sage) from student;


 

(4)消除取值重复的行

[例]查询选修了课程的学生学号


select distinct Sno as 选修了课程的学生学号 from SC;

select distinct Sno from SC;


(5)选择表中若干元组(满足条件的)

  • 大小比较

    [例]查询计算机系(IS)全体学生名单


select Sname as 学生姓名 from student where Sdept='IS';


    [例]查询全体20岁以下的学生姓名和年龄


select Sname as 姓名,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sage<20;


  •        确定范围

    [例]查询所有在20到23岁(含20和23)的学生姓名、系别和年龄


select Sname as 姓名,Sdept as 系别,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sage between20 and 23;

注意between 小数 and 大数。


  •     in和not in确定集合

    [例]查询IS系和CS系的全体学生姓名和性别


select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sdept='IS' orSdept='CS';

select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sdept in ('IS','CS');


    [例]查询既不属于IS系,也不属于MA系的学生姓名和年龄


select Sname as 姓名,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sdept!='IS'and Sdept!='CS';

select Sname as 姓名,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sdept notin('IS','MA');


  •     字符匹配(like % _ )

    [例]查询所有姓李的学生姓名和性别

*/

select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sname like '李%';

/*

    [例]查询所有“2002”年入学的学生学号、姓名和系别/]

*/

select Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名,Sdept as 系别 from student where Sno like'2002%';

/*

    [例]查询所有不姓“刘”的学生信息

*/

select * from student where Sname not like'刘%';

/*

    [例]查询名称含有“数据”的课程号、课程名及学分

*/

select Cno as 课程号,Cname as 课程名,Ccredit as 学分 from course where Cname like '%数据%';

总结:

select * from course where cname like '%数据%';包含数据的字符串 

select * from course where cname like '数据%';以数据开头的字符串

select * from course where cname like '%数据'; 以数据结尾的字符串

/*

  •     涉及空值的查询(is null)

    [例]查询没有先修课的课程号和课程名。


select Cno as 课程号,Cname as 课程名,Cpno from course where Cpno is null;


    [例]查询所有有成绩的学生学号、课程号及成绩


select Sno as 学号,Cno as 课程号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Grade is not null;


  • 查询结果排序(order by )

[例]查询选修了3号课程的学生学号和成绩,结果按成绩降序排列。


select Sno as 学号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Cno=3 order by Grade desc;


[例]查询选修了3号课程的学生学号和成绩,结果按成绩升序排列。


select Sno as 学号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Cno=3 order byGrade asc;


 

  • 聚集函数

 

count、sum、avg、max、min

[例]查询学生总数

*/

select count(*) as 学生总数 from student;

/*

[例]查询所有课程的总学分

*/

select sum(Ccredit) as 所有课程总学分 from course;

/*

[例]查询全体学生平均年龄

*/

select avg(Sage) as 平均年龄 from student;

/*

[例]查询1号课程的最高分

*/

select max(Grade) as 1号课程的最高分 from SC where Cno=1;

/*

  • 分组统计(group by)

[例]查询男女学生各有多少人。


select Ssex as 性别,count(*) as 人数 from student group by Ssex;


[例]查询每个课程的课程号和平均分。


select Cno as 课程号,avg(Grade) as 平均分 from SC group by Cno;


【例】查询选修了3门课程以上(含3门)的学生学号和选修课程数。(having 关键字后面直接跟聚集函数,

可参考 http://www.w3school.com.cn/sql/sql_having.asp


select Sno as 学号 ,count(course.Cno) as 选修课程数

From SC,course

Where course.Cno=SC.Cno

Group by Sno

Having Count(course.Cno)>=3;

【例】查询选修了2门课程以上(含2门,但不含1号课程),学生学号和选修课程数。

select Sno as 学号 ,count(course.Cno) as 选修课程数

From SC,course

Where course.Cno=SC.Cno and course.Cno !=1

Group by Sno

Having Count(course.Cno)>=2;

 

【例】查询不及格门数2门以上的学生学号。

 

Select Sno

from sc

Where sc.Grade<60

Group by Sno

Having count(Cno)>=2;

 

 

【例】查询有2名以上(含2名)学生选修了的课程号和选修人数。

Select Cno,count(Sno)

From SC

Group by Cno

Having count(sno)>=2


2、连接查询

(1)等值与非等值连接查询

[例]查询每个学生及其的选修课程情况


select student.Sno as 学号,course.Cno as 选修课号,SC.Grade as 成绩 

from student,course,SC 

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and course.Cno=SC.Cno ;


(2)自身连接

[例]查询每个学生的间接选修课


select SC.Sno as 学号,

FIRST.Cname as 直接选修课,

SECOND.Cname as 间接选修课

from SC,

course as FIRST,

course as SECOND

 where FIRST.Cno=SC.Cno

 and FIRST.Cpno=SECOND.Cno;


(3)外连接

[例]查询所有学生选修课程情况(含没选修课程的学生)


select student.Sno as 学号,

Sname as 姓名,

sc.Cno as 选修课程号

from student 

LEFT OUTER JOIN SC ON student.Sno=SC.Sno;

 

select student.Sno as 学号,

Sname as 姓名,

sc.Cno as 选修课程号

from student,SC,course

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=course.Cno;


(4)符合条件连接

[例]查询选修了2号课程且成绩在90分以上的所有学生学号和姓名


select student.Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名 

from student,SC 

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=2 and SC.Grade>=90;


[例]查询每个学生的学号、姓名,选修课程名和成绩。


select student.Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名,Cname as 选修课程,Grade as 成绩 

from student,SC,course 

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=course.Cno;


3 、嵌套查询

(1)带有IN谓词的子查询( 属性 in (子查询的查询结果) )

【例】查询与王敏同学在同一个系的学生信息。


select *

from student

where Sdept in (

 select Sdept

 from student

 where Sname='王敏'

);


【例】查询不与王敏同学不在同一个系的学生信息。


select *

from student

where Sdept not in (

 select Sdept

 from student

  whereSname='王敏'

);


【例】查询选修了课程名谓“信息系统”的学生学号和姓名。


select student.Sno as 学号, Sname as 姓名

from student,SC

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno in (

 select Cno

 from course

 where Cname='信息系统'

)


【例】查询曾与刘晨一同上课的学生学号和姓名。(假设:一个课程只有一个上课班)


select distinct student.Sno as 学号, Sname as 姓名

from student,SC

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno in (

 select Cno

 from SC,student

 where SC.Sno=student.Sno and student.Sno in (

   select Sno

   from student

   where student.Sname='刘晨'

  )

)

内层in 查出刘晨的学号sno,外层in查出刘晨所上课程的课程号。

(2)带有比较运算符的子查询(=,>=,<=,<>或!=)

【例】查询与王敏同学在同一个系的所有学生信息  (=判断)


select *

from student

where Sdept=(

   select Sdept

   from student

   where Sname='王敏'

)


【例】查询每个学生超过该课程最低分的课程号。(同类课程不是最低分的),子查询的结果返回一个数的时候,这个子查询就可以当一个数用?可以使用in符号,或者大于小于符号。


select Cno

from SC a

where Grade> (

 select min(Grade)

 from SC b

 where a.Cno=b.Cno

)


【例】查询每个学生超过他选修课程平均成绩的课程号。


select Cno

from SC a

where Grade> (

 select avg(Grade)

 from SC b

 where a.Sno=b.Sno

)


【例】查询每个学生超过该课程平均成绩的课程号。


select Cno

from SC a

where Grade >(

 select avg(Grade)

 from SC b

 where a.Cno=b.Cno

)


(3)带有ANY或ALL谓词的子查询

ANY表示任何一个,ALL表示所有,可以用在子查询的括号前面

【例】查询其他系中比计算机系某一学生年龄小的学生姓名,性别、年龄和所在系。


select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别, Sage as 年龄, Sdept as 所在系

from student

where Sage <ANY (

 select Sage

 from student

 where Sdept='CS'

);


【例】查询其他系中比计算机系所有年龄都小的学生姓名和年龄。


select Sname as 姓名, Sage as 年龄

from student

where Sdept<>'CS' and  Sage <ALL (

 select Sage

 from student

 where Sdept='CS'

);


(4 )带有Exists谓词的子查询

【例】查询所有选修了1号课程的学生姓名。


select Sname as 姓名

from student

where Exists (

 select *

 from SC

 where Cno=1 and Sno=Student.Sno

);


【例】查询选修了全部课程的学生姓名。


select Sname as 姓名

from student a

where Not Exists (

 select  *

 from course

 where Not Exists (

   select  *

   from SC

   where Sno=a.Sno and Cno=Course.Cno

  )

) ;


【例】查询至少选修了学生200215122选修的全部课程的学生学号。


select distinct Sno as 学号

from SC a

where Not Exists (

 select *

 from SC b

 where b.Sno='200215122' and not Exists(

   select *

   from SC c

   where c.Sno=a.Sno and c.Cno=b.Cno

  )

);


4、集合查询

(1)并UNION

【例】 查询计算机系的学生及年龄不大于19岁的学生详细信息。


select *

from student

where student.Sdept='CS'

union

select *

from student

where student.Sage<=19;


【例】查询选修了1号课程的及年龄不大于19岁的学生详细信息。


select student.*

from student,SC

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=1

union

select *

from student

where student.Sage<=19;


(2)交INTERSECT

【例】查询选修了1号课程的与年龄不大于19岁的 学生 详细信息 的交集。


Select *

from student,SC

where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=1

INTERSECT

Select *

from student

where student.Sage<=19;


(3)差EXCEPT

【例】查询计算机科学系的学生与年龄不大于19岁的学生详细信息的差集。


select *

from student

where student.Sdept='SC'

EXCEPT

select *

from student

where student.Sage<=19;