@RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable 等参数绑定注解详解(转)

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简介:

handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类:(主要讲解常用类型)

A、处理requet uri 部分(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解: @PathVariable;

B、处理request header部分的注解: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;

C、处理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam, @RequestBody;

D、处理attribute类型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

1、 @PathVariable

当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

示例代码:
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {  @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")  public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {        // implementation omitted  }}

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上面代码把URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上。若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable(“name”)指定uri template中的名称。

2、 @RequestHeader、@CookieValue

@RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上。

示例代码:

这是一个Request 的header部分:

Host localhost:8080
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive 300

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@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,                              @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  {  //...}

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上面的代码,把request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,绑定到参数encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上。

@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。

例如有如下Cookie值:

JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84

参数绑定的代码:

@RequestMapping(“/displayHeaderInfo.do”)
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue(“JSESSIONID”) String cookie) {

//…

}

即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。

3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody

@RequestParam

A) 常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况( String–> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中 body data的值;

B)用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST;

C) 该注解有两个属性: value、required; value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定;

示例代码:
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/pets")@SessionAttributes("pet")public class EditPetForm {    // ...    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)    public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {        Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);        model.addAttribute("pet", pet);        return "petForm";    }    // ...

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@RequestBody

该注解常用来处理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,例如application/json, application/xml等;

它是通过使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters来解析post data body,然后绑定到相应的bean上的。

因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter,所以也可以用来处理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded的内容,处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap

// Add one attribute// The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"// You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")@ModelAttributepublic Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {    return accountManager.findAccount(number);}

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这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前,为request对象的model里put(“account”, Account);

用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码:

@RequestMapping(value=”/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit”, method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {

}

首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象,若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象,若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。

补充讲解:
问题: 在不给定注解的情况下,参数是怎样绑定的?

通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现,方法的参数在不给定参数的情况下:

若要绑定的对象时简单类型: 调用@RequestParam来处理的。

若要绑定的对象时复杂类型: 调用@ModelAttribute来处理的。

这里的简单类型指java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象(Boolean, Int等)、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型;

下面贴出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码:
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private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,            NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception {        Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();        Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {            MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);            methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);            GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());            String paramName = null;            String headerName = null;            boolean requestBodyFound = false;            String cookieName = null;            String pathVarName = null;            String attrName = null;            boolean required = false;            String defaultValue = null;            boolean validate = false;            Object[] validationHints = null;            int annotationsFound = 0;            Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();            for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {                if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;                    paramName = requestParam.value();                    required = requestParam.required();                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());                    annotationsFound++;                }                else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;                    headerName = requestHeader.value();                    required = requestHeader.required();                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());                    annotationsFound++;                }                else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    requestBodyFound = true;                    annotationsFound++;                }                else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;                    cookieName = cookieValue.value();                    required = cookieValue.required();                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());                    annotationsFound++;                }                else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;                    pathVarName = pathVar.value();                    annotationsFound++;                }                else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;                    attrName = attr.value();                    annotationsFound++;                }                else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {                    defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();                }                else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) {                    validate = true;                    Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);                    validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[] {value});                }            }            if (annotationsFound > 1) {                throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +                        "do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);            }            if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解                Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);    //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数                if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {                    args[i] = argValue;                }                else if (defaultValue != null) {                    args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);                }                else {                    Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();                    if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {                        if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {                            throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " +                                    "Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +                                    "newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");                        }                        args[i] = implicitModel;                    }                    else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {                        args[i] = this.sessionStatus;                    }                    else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {                        args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);                    }                    else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {                        throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +                                "without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");                    }                    else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型,若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理                        paramName = "";                    }                    else {                        attrName = "";                    }                }            }            if (paramName != null) {                args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);            }            else if (headerName != null) {                args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);            }            else if (requestBodyFound) {                args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);            }            else if (cookieName != null) {                args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);            }            else if (pathVarName != null) {                args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);            }            else if (attrName != null) {                WebDataBinder binder =                        resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);                boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));                if (binder.getTarget() != null) {                    doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);                }                args[i] = binder.getTarget();                if (assignBindingResult) {                    args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult();                    i++;                }                implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());            }        }        return args;    }

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RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定,代码稍微有些不同,有兴趣的同仁可以分析下,最后处理的结果都是一样的。

示例:
复@RequestMapping ({“/”, “/home”})
public String showHomePage(String key){

    logger.debug("key="+key);    return "home";}码

这种情况下,就调用默认的@RequestParam来处理。
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  @RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST)    public String doRegister(User user){        if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){            logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());            logger.debug(user);        }        return "user";    }

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这种情况下,就调用@ModelAttribute来处理。

参考文档:

1、 Spring Web Doc:

spring-3.1.0/docs/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html

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