springboot项目的打包部署（gralde和maven）

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前言

不管是maven 构建的项目，还是gralde构建的项目，springboot目录结构都是一致的。公司很多同事用的是maven，但是由于gralde配置上比较简洁，而且性能比maven要快，而且又可以连接maven资源库，因此我更倾向于gralde工具。在项目开发中我都会提供pom.xml和build.gralde两种配置文件，供其他同事选择使用。下面介绍如何使用gralde 和maven对项目进行打包部署。

项目结构如下图所示，创建了一个支持maven 和gradle的项目，现在需要将项目打包成jar包部署到linux服务器上。需要注意的是，由于构建工具默认打包方式会把依赖的jar包和配置文件也会打包进去，这样对于系统升级维护，和配置文件的更改，都非常不利。因此部署到测试或生产环境，一定要将class文件和三方jar分开。

运行jar需要的配置文件

jar包的运行需要MANIFEST.MF文件，该文件包含一些启动所需的信息：

Manifest-Version 用来定义manifest文件的版本

Implementation-Title 定义了扩展实现的标题

Created-By 文件生成者
Class-Path 应用程序或者类装载器使用该值来构建内部的类搜索路径

Main-Class jar启动类

Implementation-Version 定义扩展实现的版本
Implementation-Vendor 定义扩展实现的组织
Implementation-Vendor-Id 定义扩展实现的组织的标识
Implementation-URL : 定义该扩展包的下载地址(URL)
Specification-Title 定义扩展规范的标题
Specification-Version 定义扩展规范的版本
Specification-Vendor 声明了维护该规范的组织
Sealed 定义jar文件是否封存，值可以是true或者false (这点我还不是很理解)

创建打包任务配置

下面提供了两种打包方式的文件配置，同时提供了完整的配置文件，大家在使用构建工具创建项目的时候可以参考。打包的配置脚本使用（//------------------创建打包任务------- ）进行了标注。本文所述项目都采用前后端分离方式，没有使用jsp和freemaker前端模板引擎。如果项目使用了这些资源文件也不需要打包到jar里，部署时候放在jar包同级目录下，同时在配置文件中指定jsp或ftl文件的加载路径即可。

gralde配置

buildscript {ext {springBootVersion = '1.5.4.RELEASE'}repositories {maven{url 'http://192.168.0.210:8081/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/'}maven{url 'http://192.168.0.210:8081/nexus/content/repositories/central/'}}dependencies {classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")}}apply plugin: 'java'apply plugin: 'idea'apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'//版本version = '1.0.0'//java代码的版本兼容性sourceCompatibility = 1.8//编译编码tasks.withType(JavaCompile){   options.encoding="utf-8"}//maven资源库地址repositories {maven{url 'http://192.168.0.210:8081/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/'}maven{url 'http://192.168.0.210:8081/nexus/content/repositories/central/'}}//扩展字段ext{dubboVersion="2.5.4"commonLangVersion="3.2"nettyVersion="3.2.5.Final"ehcacheVersion="2.10.4"}//依赖dependencies {compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa')compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat')compile("com.alibaba:dubbo:${dubboVersion}")compile('mysql:mysql-connector-java:5.1.27')compile ("org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:${commonLangVersion}")compile "net.sf.ehcache:ehcache:${ehcacheVersion}"compile 'org.hibernate:hibernate-ehcache:'compile 'com.github.sgroschupf:zkclient:0.1'compile 'log4j:log4j:1.2.16'compile "org.jboss.netty:netty:${nettyVersion}"testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') //引用WEB-INF下jar包   // compile fileTree(dir:'src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib',include:['*.jar'])}//生成doc文档task generateJavadoc(type: Javadoc) {source = sourceSets.main.allJava//指定编码，否则会报错options {encoding "utf-8"charSet 'utf-8'author trueversion true}}//设置工程源sourceSets {main {resources {srcDir 'src/main'}                //资源文件输入目录（classCompile也会使用此目录）output.resourcesDir = "build/classes/main"}}//-----------------------创建打包任务--------------------------------------------//sync 继承 Copy ,将三方jar复制到该目录下 task copyProjectJar(type: Sync){from configurations.runtime,configurations.compileinto 'build/libs/lib'}//生成jartask generateJar(type: Jar, dependsOn: [copyProjectJar, jar]) {manifest {attributes ('Implementation-Title': 'Gradle','Implementation-Version': version,'Created-By': 'chenyao','Main-Class': 'com.test.TcsApplication','Class-Path': configurations.compile.collect {'lib/' + it.getName()}.join(' '))}into('') {from "$buildDir/classes/main"include('com/')}into('') {from "$projectDir/src/main/resources"include ('dubbo.xml','*.txt')}}//-----------------------创建打包任务--------------------------------------------//发布到maven远程仓库apply plugin: 'maven'//apply plugin: 'war'uploadArchives {repositories.mavenDeployer {repository(url: "http://localhost:8081/repository/project/") {authentication(userName: "admin", password: "admin123")}pom.groupId = "com.tcs"pom.version = "1.0-SNAPSHOT"pom.artifactId = "tcs"}}//单元测试task myTest(type: Test) {exclude()filter {//测试指定包includeTestsMatching "com.test.service.*"//指定测试类includeTestsMatching "*ServiceTest"}}

maven 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.test</groupId>    <artifactId>tcs</artifactId>    <version>2.2.0</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>tcs</name>    <description>tcs for spring boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.6</java.version>        <ehcache.version>2.10.4</ehcache.version>        <project.package.directory>target</project.package.directory>    </properties>    <repositories>        <repository>            <id>Central</id>            <url>http://192.168.0.210:8081/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>        </repository>        <repository>            <id>3rd party</id>            <url>http://192.168.0.210:8081/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/</url>        </repository>    </repositories>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>5.1.27</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>            <version>2.5.4</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.jboss.netty</groupId>            <artifactId>netty</artifactId>            <version>3.2.5.Final</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>            <version>0.1</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>            <version>2.6</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>            <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>            <version>1.7.3</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>            <version>1.1.39</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>                <configuration>                    <!--跳过测试-->                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>                </configuration>            </plugin>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>                <configuration>                    <source>1.8</source>                    <target>1.8</target>                </configuration>            </plugin>//-----------------------创建打包任务--------------------------------------------            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>                <version>2.6</version>                <configuration>                    <archive>                        <manifest>                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>                            <!--指定启动类-->                            <mainClass>com.test.TcsApplication</mainClass>                        </manifest>                    </archive>                    <!--指定classes目录-->                    <!--<classesDirectory>src/main/java</classesDirectory>-->                    <outputDirectory>${project.package.directory}/${project.artifactId}</outputDirectory>                    <!--排除classes目录下不需要打包的文件-->                    <excludes>                        <exclude>META-INF/**</exclude>                        <exclude>application.properties</exclude>                        <exclude>logback-spring.xml</exclude>                    </excludes>                </configuration>            </plugin>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>                <version>2.6</version>                <executions>                    <execution>                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>                        <phase>package</phase>                        <goals>                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>                        </goals>                        <configuration>                            <includeScope>compile</includeScope>                            <!--复制依赖jar到指令目录-->                            <outputDirectory>${project.package.directory}/${project.artifactId}/lib</outputDirectory>                        </configuration>                    </execution>                </executions>            </plugin>            <!--复制资源文件到指定目录-->            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>                <version>2.6</version>                <executions>                    <execution>                        <id>copy-resources</id>                        <phase>package</phase>                        <goals>                            <goal>copy-resources</goal>                        </goals>                        <configuration>                            <outputDirectory>${project.package.directory}/${project.artifactId}/config/</outputDirectory>                            <resources>                                <resource>                                    <!--资源文件的目录-->                                    <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>                                </resource>                            </resources>                        </configuration>                    </execution>                </executions>            </plugin>        </plugins>        <!--指定资源文件打包到jar中-->        <!--<resources>-->            <!--<resource>-->                <!--<directory>src/main/resources</directory>-->                <!--<includes>-->                    <!--<include>dubbo.xml</include>-->                <!--</includes>-->            <!--</resource>-->        <!--</resources>-->//-----------------------创建打包任务--------------------------------------------    </build></project>

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