【预习笔记】读几个Java集合类源代码—ArrayList
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这系笔记记录了对Java中几个常用集合类的源代码实现的学习
包括ArrayList,LinkedList,HashMap,HashTable, ConcurrentHashMap。
ArrayList
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L; /** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. */ private transient Object[] elementData; /** * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains). * * @serial */ private int size;
从声明以及几个成员变量的定义来看,首先ArrayList是可序列化的,其内部定义了一个类型为Object的一维数组,以及一维数组的大小size。
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {super(); if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity);this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } /** * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. */ public ArrayList() {this(10); } /** * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's * iterator. * * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null */ public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {elementData = c.toArray();size = elementData.length;// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); }
构造方法上看,如果不指定长度的大小,则默认数组长度为10。
如果以某个继承了Collection的类作为构造参数传入,则会把传进来的数组赋值为成员变量数组。
public boolean contains(Object o) {return indexOf(o) >= 0; } /** * Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element * in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. * More formally, returns the lowest index <tt>i</tt> such that * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>, * or -1 if there is no such index. */ public int indexOf(Object o) {if (o == null) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)if (elementData[i]==null) return i;} else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i;}return -1; }
在调用contains的时候,由于是线性存储结构,所以实际上需要遍历整个数组,所以调用contains的复杂度实际上为O(n),如果在嵌套循环中使用contains,则会造成O(n^2)的复杂度。刷题的时候需要注意....
public boolean add(E e) {ensureCapacity(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!elementData[size++] = e;return true; } /** * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices). * * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted * @param element element to be inserted * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */ public void add(int index, E element) {if (index > size || index < 0) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);ensureCapacity(size+1); // Increments modCount!!System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index);elementData[index] = element;size++; }add方法就是放数组的末尾位置添加一个元素,不过首先需要确保数组添加元素之后不会越界。
调用ensureCapacity实现。
像某个指定位置插入元素首先把index到size - 1的元素依次后移一位,然后把index位置的元素置为element。
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {modCount++;int oldCapacity = elementData.length;if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) { Object oldData[] = elementData; int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1; if (newCapacity < minCapacity)newCapacity = minCapacity; // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);} }
可以看到ensureCapacity的实现:如果越界则扩容1.5倍。如默认初始长度第一次扩容变为16,再扩容变为25....
扩容之后还需要进行一次复制操作。可以注意到这里的复制调用的是Arrays的方法,而往指定位置插入元素的时候调用的是System的native方法,两者应该是存在效率上的区别。
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