BluetoothAdapter在Android6.0/7.0+以上startDiscovery不能发现蓝牙设备问题

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BluetoothAdapter在Android6.0+以上startDiscovery不能发现蓝牙设备问题


问题的重要原因之一是Android 6.0+,Android 7.0+的权限问题引起的。在Android 4.0+上运行良好的蓝牙代码,在高版本运行异常。比如BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery虽然启动了发现蓝牙任务,但是不能发现蓝牙设备。解决问题是针对最新高版本的Android系统增加权限申请。现在给出一个完整例子。

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical"    tools:context="zhangphil.bluetooth.MainActivity">    <Button        android:id="@+id/init"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="初始化蓝牙设备" />    <Button        android:id="@+id/discovery"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="发现设备" />    <Button        android:id="@+id/enable_discovery"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="使自身可被其他蓝牙设备发现" />    <ListView        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:id="@+id/listView">    </ListView></LinearLayout>



测试的MainActivity.java:

package zhangphil.bluetooth;import android.Manifest;import android.app.Activity;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.os.Build;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.ListView;public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {    private final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0xa01;    private final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION = 0xb01;    private String TAG = "zhangphil";    private ArrayAdapter<String> mAdapter;    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;    // 广播接收发现蓝牙设备    private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {        @Override        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {            String action = intent.getAction();            if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {                Log.d(TAG, "开始扫描...");            }            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);                if (device != null) {                    // 添加到ListView的Adapter。                    mAdapter.add("设备名:" + device.getName() + "\n设备地址:" + device.getAddress());                    mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                }            }            if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {                Log.d(TAG, "扫描结束.");            }        }    };    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {            if (this.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION);            }        }        // 注册广播接收器。        // 接收蓝牙发现        IntentFilter filterFound = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filterFound);        IntentFilter filterStart = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filterStart);        IntentFilter filterFinish = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filterFinish);        mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, android.R.id.text1);        ((ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView)).setAdapter(mAdapter);        findViewById(R.id.init).setOnClickListener(this);        findViewById(R.id.discovery).setOnClickListener(this);        findViewById(R.id.enable_discovery).setOnClickListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View view) {        switch (view.getId()) {            case R.id.init:                init();            case R.id.discovery:                discovery();            case R.id.enable_discovery:                enable_discovery();        }    }    // 初始化蓝牙设备    private void init() {        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();        // 检查设备是否支持蓝牙设备        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {            Log.d(TAG, "设备不支持蓝牙");            // 不支持蓝牙,退出。            return;        }        // 如果用户的设备没有开启蓝牙,则弹出开启蓝牙设备的对话框,让用户开启蓝牙        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {            Log.d(TAG, "请求用户打开蓝牙");            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);            // 接下去,在onActivityResult回调判断        }    }    // 启动蓝牙发现...    private void discovery() {        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {            init();        }        mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();    }    // 可选方法,非必需    // 此方法使自身的蓝牙设备可以被其他蓝牙设备扫描到,    // 注意时间阈值。0 - 3600 秒。    // 通常设置时间为120秒。    private void enable_discovery() {        Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);        // 第二个参数可设置的范围是0~3600秒,在此时间区间(窗口期)内可被发现        // 任何不在此区间的值都将被自动设置成120秒。        discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 3600);        startActivity(discoverableIntent);    }    @Override    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);        if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {                Log.d(TAG, "打开蓝牙成功!");            }            if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {                Log.d(TAG, "放弃打开蓝牙!");            }        } else {            Log.d(TAG, "蓝牙异常!");        }    }    @Override    protected void onDestroy() {        super.onDestroy();        unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);    }    @Override    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {        switch (requestCode) {            case PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION:                if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                }                break;        }    }}


不要忘记增加权限:

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />



代码运行结果:



以上代码运行测试环境:硬件设备是三星S7Edge,Android版本:7.0

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