Linux 上Docker的安装与使用入门

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1. 安装Docker

 yum install docker.x86_64 

2. 启动Docker

service docker start
把Docker 加入到开机自启动

chkconfig docker on

3. 去docker 仓库查找image

[root@ ~]# docker search centosINDEX       NAME                                         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATEDdocker.io   docker.io/centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   3827      [OK]       docker.io   docker.io/ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              103                  [OK]docker.io   docker.io/jdeathe/centos-ssh                 CentOS-6 6.9 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.4.1708 x8...   90                   [OK]docker.io   docker.io/tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      33

4.  下载image 到本地

docker pull docker.io/centos
5. 查看刚刚下载下来的image

[root@ ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/centos    latest              d123f4e55e12        2 weeks ago         196.6 MB

6. 启动容器，放到后台，不退出，并查看启动的容器id

[root@ ~]# docker run -dt docker.io/centos /bin/bashabe3a1f3063de369beb91d3679f11e5f61c0fad91e418022e9b868fb2632cb33[root@smsgw1 ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESabe3a1f3063d        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         9 seconds ago       Up 8 seconds                            cocky_wozniak


7. 进入容器

docker exec -ti abe3a1f3063d /bin/bash

8. 进入容器后安装JDK 8
[root@abe3a1f3063d /]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64
安装完后保持为新的镜像
docker commit 5ed1587b3923 centos/java8
9. 安装这个是 为了运行tomcat,  刚才启动docker的时候，没有带上端口映射的参数。我们退出去再启动下
[root@abe3a1f3063d /]# exit
10. 关闭并删除容器
[root@ ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESabe3a1f3063d        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes                           cocky_wozniak[root@smsgw1 ~]# docker stop abe3a1f3063dabe3a1f3063d[root@ ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMESabe3a1f3063d        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (137) 17 seconds ago                   cocky_wozniak[root@smsgw1 ~]# docker rm abe3a1f3063d

11. 重启启动容器
docker run -dt -p 8080:8080 -p 8990:8990 centos/java8 /bin/bash
指定port range: docker run -dt -p 7000-8000:7000-8000 centos/java8 /bin/bash

12. 从新进入镜像，就像在 Linux下一样，执行你想做的操作吧。
docker exec -ti 5ed1587b3923 /bin/bash

13. copy宿主机器的文件到容器：
docker cp /host-path/file <containerId>:/containter-path
docker cp /home/msg/name.tar 5ed1587b3923:/home/software

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