关于spring boot无法自动注入bean问题解决方案

Description:

Field demoService in com.spring.web.DemoApplication required a bean of type 'com.spring.service.DemoService' that could not be found.

Action:

Consider defining a bean of type 'com.spring.service.DemoService' in your configuration.

谷歌翻译为：

com.spring.web.DemoApplication中的field demoService需要无法找到类型为“com.spring.service.DemoService”的bean。

我的代码：

controller：DemoApplication

package com.spring.web;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.spring.service.DemoService;@RestController//@EnableAutoConfiguration@SpringBootApplication()public class DemoApplication {@Autowiredprivate DemoService demoService;@RequestMapping("/")public String helloWorld(){String msg =  demoService.demo();return msg;}public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);}}

Service:DemoService

package com.spring.service;public interface DemoService {public String demo();}

ServiceImpl:DemoServiceImpl

package com.spring.service.impl;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.spring.service.DemoService;@Componentpublic class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {@Overridepublic String demo() {System.out.println("Hello World!");return "Hello World!";}}

报错：

  .   ____          _            __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.6.RELEASE)2017-09-11 16:16:10.367  INFO 14512 --- [           main] com.spring.web.DemoApplication           : Starting DemoApplication on PC2014101864 with PID 14512 (E:\workspacedubbo\boot\boot-web\target\classes started by Administrator in E:\workspacedubbo\boot\boot-web)2017-09-11 16:16:10.369  INFO 14512 --- [           main] com.spring.web.DemoApplication           : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2017-09-11 16:16:10.421  INFO 14512 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@31206beb: startup date [Mon Sep 11 16:16:10 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy2017-09-11 16:16:11.710  INFO 14512 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)2017-09-11 16:16:11.721  INFO 14512 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]2017-09-11 16:16:11.722  INFO 14512 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.162017-09-11 16:16:11.856  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2017-09-11 16:16:11.856  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1438 ms2017-09-11 16:16:11.992  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]2017-09-11 16:16:11.995  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]2017-09-11 16:16:11.995  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]2017-09-11 16:16:11.995  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]2017-09-11 16:16:11.995  INFO 14512 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]2017-09-11 16:16:12.025  WARN 14512 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'demoApplication': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'demoService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.spring.service.DemoService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}2017-09-11 16:16:12.026  INFO 14512 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Stopping service [Tomcat]2017-09-11 16:16:12.038  INFO 14512 --- [           main] utoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer : Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the auto-configuration report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.2017-09-11 16:16:12.107 ERROR 14512 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter   : ***************************APPLICATION FAILED TO START***************************Description:Field demoService in com.spring.web.DemoApplication required a bean of type 'com.spring.service.DemoService' that could not be found.Action:Consider defining a bean of type 'com.spring.service.DemoService' in your configuration.

解决办法：

根据英文的提示是在配置中找不到一个指定自动注入类型的bean，

网上搜索得知，

SpringBoot项目的Bean装配默认规则是根据Application类所在的包位置从上往下扫描！
“Application类”是指SpringBoot项目入口类。这个类的位置很关键：
如果Application类所在的包为：com.boot.app，则只会扫描com.boot.app包及其所有子包，如果service或dao所在包不在com.boot.app及其子包下，则不会被扫描！
即, 把Application类放到dao、service所在包的上级，com.boot.Application
知道这一点非常关键，不知道Spring文档里有没有给出说明，如果不知道还真是无从解决。

经过多方排查得出结论：
　　正常情况下加上@Component注解的类会自动被Spring扫描到生成Bean注册到spring容器中，既然他说没找到，也就是该注解被没有被spring识别，问题的核心关键就在application类的注解SpringBootApplication上，

这个注解其实相当于下面这一堆注解的效果，其中一个注解就是@Component，在默认情况下只能扫描与控制器在同一个包下以及其子包下的@Component注解，以及能将指定注解的类自动注册为Bean的@Service@Controller和@ Repository，至此明白问题所在，之前我将接口与对应实现类放在了与控制器所在包的同一级目录下，这样的注解自然是无法被识别的。

      

之前我的controller和service是在同级目录下面现把controller放在service的上级目录，再启动就不报错了。

至此，得出两种解决办法：
　　1 .将接口与对应的实现类放在与application启动类的同一个目录或者他的子目录下，这样注解可以被扫描到，这是最省事的办法
　　2 .在指定的application类上加上这么一行注解，手动指定application类要扫描哪些包下的注解，见下图