php插件包带php-fpm插件包的nginx+php-fpm+apc+mysql编译安装

nginx+php-fpm+apc+mysql编译安装

目前让PHP最快的环境组合是：Nginx + PHP-FPM + APC + MYSQL。本文将讲解 nginx 服务器、php、apc、mysql的安装配置及应用。

安装前提示：linux 软件在编译安装后，他的安装位置和配置文件都可以在源码目录中的文件中找到，如果无法确定软件的相关文件安装在哪里，可以仔细的查看一下源码中的文本文件。

Nginx？
Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器 。详细介绍可以见http://wiki.nginx.org/Chs。

PHP-FPM？
PHP-FPM是PHP FastCGI Process Manager 的缩写，即 PHP FastCGI 进程管理器，他是目前最看好的 php 解析器。PHP-FPM 从 php5.3.3 版本开始被整合进 php 安装包中，安装时只要启用即可。
注意：即使你坚持使用Apache，也有很多原因跳过mod_php，直接通过FastCGI解析PHP。使用mod_php时，Apache处理载入PHP的每个请求会载入所有的库，这是一个巨大的无畏开销。如果使用FastCGI，PHP的行为更象应用程序服务器，PHP-FPM以及spawn-fcgi按需要载入和杀掉PHP实例，这样做有很多好处，其中很重要的一点就是减少内存开销。

APC？
APC,全称是Alternative PHP Cache,官方翻译为”可选PHP缓存”。详细介绍可见http://pecl.php.net/package/apc或者http://php.net/manual/en/book.apc.php。

开始安装

我们使用的是全新安装的 debian6，第一件事情是安装所有的依赖包。

$apt-get install make bison flex gcc patch autoconf subversion locate$apt-get install libpcre3-dev libssl-dev libmhash-dev libmhash2 libpq-dev libpq5 libsyck0-dev$apt-get install libtidy-dev curl libcurl4-openssl-dev libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls zlib1g zlib1g-dev libxslt1-dev libzip-dev libzip1 libxml2 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libsnmp-dev libxml2-dev libjpeg62 libjpeg62-dev libpng12-0 libpng12-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev libbz2-dev libxpm-dev libmcrypt-dev libmcrypt4 sqlite3 bzip2 build-essential libreadline5-dev libedit-dev autoconf

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$apt-getinstallmakebisonflex gccpatchautoconfsubversion locate

$apt-getinstalllibpcre3-devlibssl-devlibmhash-devlibmhash2libpq-devlibpq5libsyck0-dev

$apt-getinstalllibtidy-devcurllibcurl4-openssl-devlibcurl3

libcurl3-gnutlszlib1gzlib1g-devlibxslt1-devlibzip-devlibzip1

libxml2libsnmp-baselibsnmp15libsnmp-devlibxml2-devlibjpeg62

libjpeg62-devlibpng12-0libpng12-devzlib1gzlib1g-devlibfreetype6

libfreetype6-devlibbz2-devlibxpm-devlibmcrypt-devlibmcrypt4

sqlite3 bzip2 build-essentiallibreadline5-devlibedit-devautoconf

准备好依赖包之后，我们就可以开始。

编译和安装 PHP 及 php-fpm

我们下载的是 PHP 5.3.9 源代码包，已经集成了 PHP-FPM（PHP5.3.3以前的需要下载对应的 PHP-FPM 补丁），然后再编译。

$wget http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.3.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror$tar zvxf php-5.3.9.tar.gz$wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz #下载FPM补丁//$gzip -cd php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | sudo patch -d php-5.2.8 -p1 #PHP5.3.3 以前的版本先打补丁$cd php-5.3.9$./configure –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysqld.sock –with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-fpm-user=www-data –with-fpm-group=www-data –with-mcrypt –with-zlib –with-pgsql –with-curl –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-libxml-dir –with-gd –with-bz2 –with-XMLrpc –with-mhash –with-pcre-regex –disable-debug –disable-pdo –disable-rpath –enable-inline-optimization –enable-fpm –enable-mbstring –enable-gd-native-ttf –enable-gd-jis-conv –enable-sockets –enable-sysvsem –enable-sysvshm –enable-pcntl –enable-mbregex –enable-zip –enable-memcache –enable-xml./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc –enable-fpm –with-fpm-user=www-data –with-fpm-group=www-data –with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml –with-openssl=/usr/local –with-zlib=/usr –with-gd=/usr/local/gd –with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg –with-png-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype –enable-gd-native-ttf –enable-gd-jis-conv –with-mhash=/usr/local –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt=/usr/local –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysqld.sock –with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –enable-sockets –enable-sysvmsg –enable-sysvsem –enable-sysvshm –without-pearmakemake install//$sudo strip /usr/local/bin/php-cgi #去除 php-cgi

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$wgethttp://cn.php.net/get/php-5.3.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

$tar zvxfphp-5.3.9.tar.gz

$wgethttp://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz#下载FPM补丁

//$gzip-cdphp-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz|sudopatch-dphp-5.2.8-p1#PHP5.3.3 以前的版本先打补丁

$cdphp-5.3.9

$./configure

–with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

–with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysqld.sock

–with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config

–with-fpm-user=www-data

–with-fpm-group=www-data

–with-mcrypt

–with-zlib

–with-pgsql

–with-curl

–with-freetype-dir

–with-jpeg-dir

–with-png-dir

–with-libxml-dir

–with-gd

–with-bz2

–with-XMLrpc

–with-mhash

–with-pcre-regex

–disable-debug

–disable-pdo

–disable-rpath

–enable-inline-optimization

–enable-fpm

–enable-mbstring

–enable-gd-native-ttf

–enable-gd-jis-conv

–enable-sockets

–enable-sysvsem

–enable-sysvshm

–enable-pcntl

–enable-mbregex

–enable-zip

–enable-memcache

–enable-xml

 

./configure

–prefix=/usr/local/php

–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc

–enable-fpm

–with-fpm-user=www-data

–with-fpm-group=www-data

–with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml

–with-openssl=/usr/local

–with-zlib=/usr

–with-gd=/usr/local/gd

–with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg

–with-png-dir=/usr/local

–with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype

–enable-gd-native-ttf

–enable-gd-jis-conv

–with-mhash=/usr/local

–enable-mbstring

–with-mcrypt=/usr/local

–with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

–with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysqld.sock

–with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config

–enable-sockets

–enable-sysvmsg

–enable-sysvsem

–enable-sysvshm

–without-pear

 

make

make install

//$sudostrip/usr/local/bin/php-cgi#去除 php-cgi

如果在运行上面命令时遇到错误：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lxxx

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/usr/bin/ld:cannotfind-lxxx

意思是编译过程找不到对应库文件。其中，-lxxx 表示库文件 libxxx.so 的符号链接。
解决办法是 apt-get install libxxx-dev 或者是查看符号链接是否正确。

另外，确保你正确启用和禁用了特定的 PHP 配置选项。紧接着我们通过PECL安装一些将会用到的模块：

$pecl install memcache//$pecl install apc//$pecl install syck-beta

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$peclinstallmemcache

//$pecl install apc

//$pecl install syck-beta

在安装apc模块时，请务必关闭Apache选项，如果你没有关闭，它也会提醒你。

接下来复制我们常用的php.ini：

$cp php-5.3.9/php.ini-recommended /usr/local/lib/php/php.ini

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$cpphp-5.3.9/php.ini-recommended/usr/local/lib/php/php.ini

最后，我们建立符号链接：

$mkdir /etc/php/$ln -s /usr/local/lib/php/php.ini /etc/php/php.ini

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$mkdir/etc/php/

$ln-s/usr/local/lib/php/php.ini/etc/php/php.ini

PHP编译到此结束，剩下要做的事情是修改php-fpm.conf设置，用文本编辑器打开/etc/php/php-fpm.conf，将进程属主用户修改为www-data。

配置 php-fpm

因为从 php5.3.3 以后，php-fpm 被整合进 php 的安装包之中，在编译时只要设定启用参数了，那么 php-fpm 也会被默认安装。默认安装的 php-fpm 位置是：
/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf //配置文件安装位置
/usr/local/sbin/php-fpm //启动文件安装位置

默认安装的 php-fpm 给我们准备了一个程序来控制 fastcgi 进程，这个文件是 $PREFIX/sbin/php-fpm（$PREFIX 是安装目录），但是此文件只能启动 php-fpm，要想关闭 php-fpm，需要查看 master进程号，然后 kill 掉：

$/usr/local/sbin/php-fpm #启动$ps -ef|grep php-fpm #查看进程$kill pid

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$/usr/local/sbin/php-fpm#启动

$ps-ef|grepphp-fpm#查看进程

$killpid

我想使用平滑启动/关闭管理模式来管理 php-fpm 该怎么做呢？

php-fpm 同样也给我们提供了一个平滑启动/关闭的控制程序，这个文件是php-5.3.9/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm（编译后的源码包中），把它复制为 /etc/init.d/php-fpm：

$cp /data/software/php-5.3.9/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

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$cp/data/software/php-5.3.9/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm/etc/init.d/php-fpm

该程序有如下参数：
start 启动php的fastcgi进程
stop 强制终止php的fastcgi进程
quit 平滑终止php的fastcgi进程
restart 重启php的fastcgi进程
reload 重新加载php的php.ini
logrotate 重新启用log文件

通过查看 /data/software/php-5.3.9/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm，我们能够知道 php-fpm 的日志及进程号默认是保存在 ${prefix} 的var下，但是配置文件 php-fpm.conf 默认是没有开启的，找到对应的地方去掉注释即可。

这样，在修改了php.ini之后，我们可以使用

$/etc/init.d/php-fpm reload

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$/etc/init.d/php-fpmreload

这样，就保持了在php的fastcgi进程持续运行的状态下，又重新加载了php.ini。

编译和安装 MySQL

下载和编译 MySQL，但是先不要安装：

# wget http://mysql.mirror.rafal.ca/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz# tar zxvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz# cd mysql-5.1.50# ./configure –prefix=”/usr/local/mysql-5.1.50″ –enable-thread-safe-client –with-extra-charsets=all# make

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# wget http://mysql.mirror.rafal.ca/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz

# tar zxvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.1.50

 

# ./configure

–prefix=”/usr/local/mysql-5.1.50″

–enable-thread-safe-client

–with-extra-charsets=all

# make

需要改几个权限问题才能安装 MySQL，否则会出现 Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO) 经典问题：

# groupadd mysql# useradd -g mysql mysql# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf# vi /etc/my.conf…[mysqld]user = mysql…# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/# chmod 777 /tmp

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# groupadd mysql

# useradd -g mysql mysql

 

# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# vi /etc/my.conf

…

[mysqld]

user =mysql

…

 

# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/

# chmod 777 /tmp

安装和启动 MySQl，修改 root 密码，登录 MySQL：

# cd mysql-5.1.50# make install# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysqld_safe &# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password’# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysql -u root -p

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# cd mysql-5.1.50

# make install

 

# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql

# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysqld_safe &

# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password’

# /usr/local/mysql-5.1.50/bin/mysql -u root -p

编译Nginx

和编译PHP一样非常简单：

$wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.12.tar.gz$tar zxvf nginx-1.1.12.tar.gz$cd nginx-1.1.12$./configure –add-module=../nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7 –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –with-http_realip_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_addition_module –with-pcre=../pcre-8.21 –with-http_ssl_module –with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.3 –with-http_secure_link_module$make$make install

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$wgethttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.12.tar.gz

$tar zxvfnginx-1.1.12.tar.gz

$cdnginx-1.1.12

$./configure–add-module=../nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7–prefix=/usr/local/nginx–with-http_realip_module–with-http_sub_module–with-http_flv_module–with-http_dav_module–with-http_gzip_static_module–with-http_stub_status_module–with-http_addition_module–with-pcre=../pcre-8.21–with-http_ssl_module–with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.3–with-http_secure_link_module

$make

$make install

注意：要修改nginx目录及文件权限，以免运行时因权限问题发生错误。

在etc下创建一个符号链接，方便管理：

$ln -s /usr/local/nginx /etc/nginx

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$ln-s/usr/local/nginx/etc/nginx

配置/etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，最终修改结果如下：

user www-data;worker_processes 6;pid /var/run/nginx.pid; #kill ‘cat /var/run/nginx.pid>$2&’events {worker_connections 1024;use epoll;}http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;sendfile on;keepalive_timeout 10 10;gzip on;gzip_comp_level 1;gzip_proxied any;gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;log_format main ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] ‘‘”$request” $status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘‘”$http_user_agent” “$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;access_log /var/log/nginx_access.log main;error_log /var/log/nginx_error.log debug;include /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*; #加载可用的web配置。风格自定}

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userwww-data;

worker_processes6;

pid/var/run/nginx.pid;#kill ‘cat /var/run/nginx.pid>$2&’

 

events{

worker_connections1024;

useepoll;

}

 

http {

includemime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

sendfileon;

keepalive_timeout1010;

 

gzip on;

gzip_comp_level1;

gzip_proxied any;

gzip_typestext/plaintext/cssapplication/x-javascripttext/xmlapplication/xmlapplication/xml+rsstext/javascript;

 

log_formatmain‘$remote_addr–$remote_user[$time_local]‘

‘”$request”$status$body_bytes_sent“$http_referer”‘

‘”$http_user_agent”“$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;

 

access_log/var/log/nginx_access.logmain;

 

error_log/var/log/nginx_error.logdebug;

 

include/usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*;#加载可用的web配置。风格自定

}

优化设置FastCGI参数，可以避免Nginx 503错误，打开/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params，添加以下参数：

fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;fastcgi_send_timeout 180;fastcgi_read_timeout 180;fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

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fastcgi_connect_timeout60;

fastcgi_send_timeout180;

fastcgi_read_timeout180;

fastcgi_buffer_size128k;

fastcgi_buffers4256k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size256k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size256k;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

最后，我们创建一个SystemV风格的启动脚本，保存为/etc/init.d/nginx。

#!/bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: nginx# Required-Start: $all# Required-Stop: $all# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5# Default-Stop: 0 1 6# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon### END INIT INFOPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binDAEMON=/usr/local/sbin/nginxNAME=nginxDESC=nginxtest -x $DAEMON || exit 0# Include nginx defaults if availableif [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then. /etc/default/nginxfiset -ecase “$1″ instart)echo -n “Starting $DESC: ”start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMON — $DAEMON_OPTSecho “$NAME.”;;stop)echo -n “Stopping $DESC: ”start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMONecho “$NAME.”;;restart|force-reload)echo -n “Restarting $DESC: ”start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMONsleep 1start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMON — $DAEMON_OPTSecho “$NAME.”;;reload)echo -n “Reloading $DESC configuration: ”start-stop-daemon –stop –signal HUP –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMONecho “$NAME.”;;*)N=/etc/init.d/$NAMEecho “Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}” >&2exit 1;;esacexit 0

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#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides: nginx

# Required-Start: $all

# Required-Stop: $all

# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop: 0 1 6

# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

### END INIT INFO

 

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DAEMON=/usr/local/sbin/nginx

NAME=nginx

DESC=nginx

 

test-x$DAEMON||exit0

 

# Include nginx defaults if available

if [-f/etc/default/nginx];then

./etc/default/nginx

fi

 

set -e

 

case “$1″in

start)

echo -n“Starting$DESC:”

start-stop-daemon–start–quiet–pidfile/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid

–exec $DAEMON—$DAEMON_OPTS

echo“$NAME.”

;;

stop)

echo -n“Stopping$DESC:”

start-stop-daemon–stop–quiet–pidfile/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid

–exec $DAEMON

echo“$NAME.”

;;

restart|force-reload)

echo -n“Restarting$DESC:”

start-stop-daemon–stop–quiet–pidfile

/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid–exec$DAEMON

sleep1

start-stop-daemon–start–quiet–pidfile

/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid–exec$DAEMON—$DAEMON_OPTS

echo “$NAME.”

;;

reload)

echo-n“Reloading$DESCconfiguration:”

start-stop-daemon–stop–signalHUP–quiet–pidfile/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid

–exec$DAEMON

echo “$NAME.”

;;

*)

N=/etc/init.d/$NAME

echo “Usage:$N{start|stop|restart|force-reload}”>&2

exit1

;;

esac

 

exit0

不要忘了设置可执行权限。

设置你的网站

这一阶段的工作主要按你自己的习惯完成，这里仅做一个粗略的介绍。首先我们创建一个目录来存放我们的网站配置文件，在创建一个目录用来存放激活的文件（此目录存放指向可用配置的符号链接）：

$mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-available$mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled$ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled /etc/sites

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$mkdir/usr/local/nginx/sites-available

$mkdir/usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled

$ln-s/usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/etc/sites

接下来为我们的网站增加一个conf文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default.conf，内容如下：

server {listen *:80;location / {root /var/www/default/pub;#网站根目录index index.php;#默认主页# if file exists return it right awayif (-f $request_filename) {break;}# otherwise rewrite the fuckerif (!-e $request_filename) {rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php$1 last;break;}}# if the request starts with our frontcontroller, pass it on to fastcgilocation ~ ^/index.php{fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/default/pub$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;}}

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server{

listen *:80;

 

location /{

root/var/www/default/pub;#网站根目录

index index.php;#默认主页

 

# if file exists return it right away

if(-f$request_filename){

break;

}

 

# otherwise rewrite the fucker

if (!-e$request_filename){

rewrite^(.+)$/index.php$1last;

break;

}

}

 

# if the request starts with our frontcontroller, pass it on to fastcgi

location~^/index.php

{

fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME/var/www/default/pub$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_paramPATH_INFO$fastcgi_script_name;

include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;

}

}

为新增加的网站设置添加符号链接，即激活新的网站设置：

$ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/00default

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$ln-s/etc/nginx/sites-available/default.conf/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/00default

启动

$php-fm start$/etc/init.d/nginx start

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$php-fmstart

$/etc/init.d/nginxstart

end