Nova创建虚拟机（指定IP地址和生成节点）

1. 背景需求

  在openstack中，nova负责openstack虚拟机的生命周期的管理，neutron则负责虚拟机的网络管理工作，默认情况下，创建一台虚拟机，nova会根据nova-scheduler调度算法，选择一台最合适的compute节点，同时会从neutron的地址池中分配一个ip地址给虚拟机，从而完成虚拟机的创建过程。

  然而，在一些特殊的场景中，如相同业务的虚拟机，希望落在不通的compute节点上，为虚拟机分配原有的ip地址，此时通过nova内置的调度是难以实现的，或者在一些应用场景，基于企业的CMDB联动，让相同业务的虚拟机，散落在openstack nova中的不同节点，从而减小down机的几率，减少故障的发生。本文以在指定的compute节点创建instance，并为其分配一个固定的ip地址为例。

2. 获取创建instance的基本信息

1. 获取镜像image id

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[root@controller ~]# glance image-list

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+

| ID                                   | Name                     | Disk Format | Container Format | Size        | Status |

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+

| 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 | cirrors                  | qcow2       | bare             | 13200896    | active |    #需要创建instance的image id

| ff0f7d03-a553-4357-a819-c74e913d649f | win2k8                   | qcow2       | bare             | 3391881216  | active |

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+

2. 获取套餐flavor id

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[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-list

+--------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

| ID                                   | Name             | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public |

+--------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

| 1                                    | m1.large         | 8192      | 100  | 10        |      | 4     | 1.0         | True      |

| 10                                   | V.GF1            | 8192      | 10   | 0         |      | 4     | 1.0         | True      |    #需要创建的flavor id

3. 获取安全组id

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[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list

+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+

| Id                                   | Name    | Description |

+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+

| 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d | default | default     |        #secgroup的id号码

+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+

4. 获取keypair

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[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list

+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Name | Fingerprint                                     |

+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| KEY  | 15:63:f2:de:74:53:a1:03:eb:36:27:e6:d9:00:41:22 |        #keypair的名字

+------+-------------------------------------------------+

5. 获取neutron网络id号码

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[root@controller ~]# neutron net-list

+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

| id                                   | name          | subnets                                               |

+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

| 99c68a93-336a-4605-aa78-343d41ca1206 | vmTest        | 79cb82a1-eac1-4311-8e6d-badcabd22e44 192.168.100.0/24 |    #需要启动的网络id号

+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

6. 获取coompute的主机名和zone名称

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[root@controller ~]# nova service-list

+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+

| Binary           | Host                    | Zone              | Status  | State | Updated_at                 | Disabled Reason |

+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+

| nova-conductor   | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:58.000000 | -               |

| nova-cert        | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:52.000000 | -               |

| nova-consoleauth | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:57.000000 | -               |

| nova-scheduler   | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:57.000000 | -               |

| nova-compute     | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 | ChuangYiYuanZone1 | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:56.000000 | -               |    #需要启动的compute节点

| nova-compute     | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_14 | ChuangYiYuanZone1 | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:56.000000 | -               |

3. 在指定的compute节点启动虚拟机，并指定固定ip地址

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[root@controller ~]# nova boot --flavor 10  \            #flavor名字

--image 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 \            #镜像id   

--key-name  KEY  \                         #KEY名字

--availability-zone ChuangYiYuanZone1:ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11  \   #在制定的区域和主机名启动instance

--security-groups 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d  \      #安全组

--nic net-id=99c68a93-336a-4605-aa78-343d41ca1206,v4-fixed-ip=192.168.100.200 happyblog_blog_51cto_com    #指定网络和IP地址

+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+

| Property                             | Value                                          |

+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+

| OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                         |

| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          | nova                                           |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host                 | -                                              |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname  | -                                              |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name        | instance-000001f9                              |

| OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | 0                                              |

| OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | scheduling                                     |

| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | building                                       |

| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | -                                              |

| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | -                                              |

| accessIPv4                           |                                                |

| accessIPv6                           |                                                |

| adminPass                            | 4T3vpfaXPTZe                                   |

| config_drive                         |                                                |

| created                              | 2016-01-23T04:44:51Z                           |

| flavor                               | V.GF1 (10)                                     |

| hostId                               |                                                |

| id                                   | 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee           |

| image                                | cirrors (37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51) |

| key_name                             | KEY                                            |

| metadata                             | {}                                             |

| name                                 | happyblog_blog_51cto_com                       |

| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                             |

| progress                             | 0                                              |

| security_groups                      | 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d           |

| status                               | BUILD                                          |

| tenant_id                            | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae               |

| updated                              | 2016-01-23T04:44:52Z                           |

| user_id                              | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb               |

+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+

校验配置情况

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[root@controller ~]# nova list | grep 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee

| 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee | happyblog_blog_51cto_com | ACTIVE | -          | Running     | vmTest=192.168.100.200   | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 |

[root@controller ~]# nova show 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee       

+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

| Property                             | Value                                                    |

+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

| OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                                   |

| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          | ChuangYiYuanZone1                                        |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host                 | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11                                  |    #指定的compute节点

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname  | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11                                  |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name        | instance-000001f9                                        |

| OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | 1                                                        |

| OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | -                                                        |

| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | active                                                   |

| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | 2016-01-23T04:45:06.000000                               |

| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | -                                                        |

| accessIPv4                           |                                                          |

| accessIPv6                           |                                                          |

| config_drive                         |                                                          |

| created                              | 2016-01-23T04:44:51Z                                     |

| flavor                               | V.GF1 (10)                                               |

| hostId                               | b3a37b586ae2847a0b18c58ff7693b41762fa0bf6a3cc363c862761a |

| id                                   | 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee                     |

| image                                | cirrors (37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51)           |

| key_name                             | KEY                                                      |

| metadata                             | {}                                                       |

| name                                 | happyblog_blog_51cto_com                                 |

| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                                       |

| progress                             | 0                                                        |

| security_groups                      | default                                                  |

| status                               | ACTIVE                                                   |

| tenant_id                            | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae                         |

| updated                              | 2016-01-23T04:45:07Z                                     |

| user_id                              | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb                         |

| vmTest network                       | 192.168.100.200                                          |    #指定的ip地址，good，完成

+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

4. 总结

   以上方法用于openstack的日常运维中，一般而言，不建议使用，建议使用nova内置的调度算法来完成。本人在实际的工作中，经常有指定compute机器和指定ip的需求。

5. 附录

  附录提供了nova boot用法相关的参数

[root@controller ~]# nova help boot

usage: nova boot [–flavor <flavor>] [–image <image>]

                 [–image-with <key=value>] [–boot-volume <volume_id>]

                 [–snapshot <snapshot_id>] [–num-instances <number>]

                 [–meta <key=value>] [–file <dst-path=src-path>]

                 [–key-name <key-name>] [–user-data <user-data>]

                 [–availability-zone <availability-zone>]

                 [–security-groups <security-groups>]

                 [–block-device-mapping <dev-name=mapping>]

                 [–block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2…]]

                 [–swap <swap_size>]

                 [–ephemeral size=<size>[,format=<format>]]

                 [–hint <key=value>]

                 [–nic <net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid>]

                 [–config-drive <value>] [–poll]

                 <name>

Boot a new server.

Positional arguments:

  <name>                Name for the new server

Optional arguments:

  –flavor <flavor>     Name or ID of flavor (see ‘nova flavor-list’).

  –image <image>       Name or ID of image (see ‘nova image-list’).

  –image-with <key=value>

                        Image metadata property (see ‘nova image-show’).

  –boot-volume <volume_id>

                        Volume ID to boot from.

  –snapshot <snapshot_id>

                        Snapshot ID to boot from (will create a volume).

  –num-instances <number>

                        boot multiple servers at a time (limited by quota).

  –meta <key=value>    Record arbitrary key/value metadata to /meta.js on the

                        new server. Can be specified multiple times.

  –file <dst-path=src-path>

                        Store arbitrary files from <src-path> locally to <dst-

                        path> on the new server. You may store up to 5 files.

  –key-name <key-name>

                        Key name of keypair that should be created earlier

                        with the command keypair-add

  –user-data <user-data>

                        user data file to pass to be exposed by the metadata

                        server.

  –availability-zone <availability-zone>

                        The availability zone for server placement.

  –security-groups <security-groups>

                        Comma separated list of security group names.

  –block-device-mapping <dev-name=mapping>

                        Block device mapping in the format <dev-

                        name>=<id>:<type>:<size(GB)>:<delete-on-terminate>.

  –block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2…]

                        Block device mapping with the keys: id=image_id,

                        snapshot_id or volume_id, source=source type (image,

                        snapshot, volume or blank), dest=destination type of

                        the block device (volume or local), bus=device’s bus,

                        device=name of the device (e.g. vda, xda, …),

                        size=size of the block device in GB, format=device

                        will be formatted (e.g. swap, ext3, ntfs, …),

                        bootindex=integer used for ordering the boot disks,

                        type=device type (e.g. disk, cdrom, …) and

                        shutdown=shutdown behaviour (either preserve or

                        remove).

  –swap <swap_size>    Create and attach a local swap block device of

                        <swap_size> MB.

  –ephemeral size=<size>[,format=<format>]

                        Create and attach a local ephemeral block device of

                        <size> GB and format it to <format>.

  –hint <key=value>    Send arbitrary key/value pairs to the scheduler for

                        custom use.

  –nic <net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid>

                        Create a NIC on the server. Specify option multiple

                        times to create multiple NICs. net-id: attach NIC to

                        network with this UUID (required if no port-id), v4

                        -fixed-ip: IPv4 fixed address for NIC (optional),

                        port-id: attach NIC to port with this UUID (required

                        if no net-id)

  –config-drive <value>

                        Enable config drive

  –poll                Blocks while server builds so progress can be

                        reported.

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