centos6磁盘分区详细步骤
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环境说明
vmware虚拟机
操作系统
# lsb_release -aLSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarchDistributor ID: CentOSDescription: CentOS release 6.5 (Final)Release: 6.5Codename: Final
查看磁盘
一、df命令查看磁盘分区情况
# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
解释下输出的第一行中某些字段的含义:
文件系统容量已用可用挂载点代表磁盘的分区和内存中的某一个区域。磁盘总共的容量磁盘已经使用的容量磁盘未使用的容量该文件系统挂载在哪一个目录下使用iT参数,查看 inodes号和文件类型可man查看参数
# df -iT Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on/dev/sda3 ext4 1166880 248576 918304 22% /tmpfs tmpfs 239440 5 239435 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 ext4 51200 39 51161 1% /boot/dev/sr0 iso9660 0 0 0 - /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
二、利用du命令查询当前目录下的所有目录/文件所占的容量
显示目录或者文件所占空间:# du16 ./triWeb/templates84 ./triWeb28 ./article32 ./pyweb152 .
只显示当前目录下面的子目录的目录大小和当前目录的总的大小,最下面的152为当前目录的总大小
查看指定文件所占空间:
[root@cj pyweb]# du -b views.py 26 views.py
显示多个文件所占空间:
[root@cj triWeb]# du view.py urls.py4 view.py4 urls.py
查看指定目录的所占空间:
[root@cj django]# du -h django/ 16K django/triWeb/templates84K django/triWeb28K django/article32K django/pyweb152K django/
只显示总和的大小:
[root@cj django]# du -sh152K
三、dumpe2fs查看分区的具体使用情况
[root@cj django]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final[root@cj django]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem volume name: <none>Last mounted on: /bootFilesystem UUID: af3030df-64ee-4996-8101-dcc0cbf0171dFilesystem magic number: 0xEF53Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isizeFilesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr aclFilesystem state: clean Errors behavior: ContinueFilesystem OS type: LinuxInode count: 51200Block count: 204800Reserved block count: 10240Free blocks: 163923Free inodes: 51161First block: 1Block size: 1024Fragment size: 1024Reserved GDT blocks: 256Blocks per group: 8192Fragments per group: 8192Inodes per group: 2048Inode blocks per group: 256Flex block group size: 16Filesystem created: Mon Jul 3 23:36:10 2017
磁盘的分区–命令fdisk
为了测试分区,给虚拟机增加一块硬盘
[root@cj django]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000bf882 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 26 287 2097152 82 Linux swap / SolarisPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda3 287 2611 18668544 83 LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000
/dev/sdb就是新增的第二块硬盘,接下来演示如何分区
[root@cj django]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0cab72a4.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): m //查看命令Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition //删除分区 l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): p //显示分区信息Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0cab72a4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): 652 //或者用+size的方式 如+3GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0cab72a4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w //写入The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.
w和q需要注意
wq此命令会使你的所有对磁盘的操作全部生效,如果不清楚自己所作所为的后果,此命令请慎用。退出磁盘分区程序,之前所有的操作都无效,当然前提是你没有用w。再次查看分区情况
[root@cj django]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000bf882 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 26 287 2097152 82 Linux swap / SolarisPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda3 287 2611 18668544 83 LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0cab72a4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
将分好的磁盘格式化
选择一种文件格式将新建的分区初始化,是为了让Linux能够识别这个分区里面的文件。所谓的文件格式就是,磁盘的文件是按照怎样的一种形式组织起来,之前提到的文件由两部分组成的,比如inode,block等,就是Linux的所能够识别的文件格式的一种。
格式化的命令 - mkfs
mkfs -t 文件格式 设备文件名
mkfs.ext4 设备文件名
[root@cj django]# mkfs.mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.ext4dev mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat [root@cj django]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks327680 inodes, 1309289 blocks65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=134217728040 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
挂载/卸载磁盘
这里我打算把sdb1挂载到“/data”这个目录,这个目录是不存在的,所以要创建。
挂载的命令是mount,命令有点复杂,自行man。
mount 设备文件名 挂载点
[root@cj django]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data[root@cj django]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final/dev/sdb1 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /data
注意命令:mount <设备名称> <挂载的目录>
弄完了用df查看一下,看最后一行的/mnt/sda5,是不是成功了!
以下几点要注意:
- 挂载的目录必须为空,否则目录里面的数据会被隐藏,直到设备被卸载才会显现。
- 挂载的目录每次只能挂载一个设备。
- 同一个设备每次只能挂载到一个目录。
命令:umount <设备名字/挂载点>
[root@cj django]# umount /dev/sr0 [root@cj django]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot/dev/sdb1 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /data
检查磁盘是否有问题
命令 fsck
内容略,后续补充。开机挂载
一般情况下,如果你再次开机,就会发现之前已经挂载的磁盘必须手动再次挂载一次,不信可以用df命令查看一下。
为了开机自动挂载磁盘,只需要配置一下 /etc/fstab文件即可。
查询UUID号码[root@cj django]# blkid /dev/sdb1/dev/sdb1: UUID="7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002" TYPE="ext4"
修改/etc/fstab文件
## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 3 23:43:48 2017## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#UUID=84afdcda-5428-4018-8131-1f99beeb73be / ext4 defaults 1 1UUID=af3030df-64ee-4996-8101-dcc0cbf0171d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2UUID=4133fb7b-8ead-43a8-9b3d-8e6fdc4ad795 swap swap defaults 0 0UUID=7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002 /data ext4 defaults 0 0tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
字段解释:
file systemmount pointtypeoptionsdumppass设备名称。磁盘号的UUID挂载点分区类型.linux分区一般为ext4。挂载参数。一般为defaults。常用参数如下: auto:开机自动挂载。 default:按照大多数永久文件系统的缺省值设置挂载定义。 noauto:开机不自动挂载。 nouser:只有超级用户可以挂载。 ro:按只读权限挂载。 rw:按可读可写权限挂载。 user:任何用户都可以挂载。磁盘备份。默认为0,表示不备份。磁盘检查。默认为0,表示不检查。至此分区完成
ps :本文目的在于记录自己的学习过程,以便后续回顾,参考如下博客,如侵犯版权请联系我,谢谢!
http://blog.csdn.net/phoenix_wang_cheng/article/details/52743821#t0
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