JAVA RESTful WebService实战笔记(四)

前言

在JAVA RESTful WebService实战笔记(三)中已经完成了对JAX-RS2定义的4中过滤器的讲述学习,以下就来看看如何综合运用过滤器,完成一个记录REST请求的访问日志

访问日志（最新版没有AirLogFilter,应该是LoggingFilter）

• LoggingFilter实现了上述的4个过滤器,记录服务器端和客户端的请求和响应运行时候的信息,LoggingFilter类的定义如下所示:

public final class LoggingFilter implements ContainerRequestFilter, ClientRequestFilter, ContainerResponseFilter,                                            ClientResponseFilter, WriterInterceptor {

• LoggingFilter为每一种过滤器接口定义的filter()方法提供了实现,并且也实现了写入的拦截器。在客户端请求过滤中,输出请求资源地址信息和请求投信息;在容器请求过滤中,输出请求方法,请求资源地址信息和请求头信息;在容器响应过滤中,输出HTTP状态码和请求头信息;在客户端响应过滤中,输出HTTP状态码和请求头信息,4个阶段的filter()示例代码如下:

 @Override    public void filter(final ClientRequestContext context) throws IOException {        final long id = _id.incrementAndGet();        context.setProperty(LOGGING_ID_PROPERTY, id);        final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();        //获取请求方法和地址        printRequestLine(b, "Sending client request", id, context.getMethod(), context.getUri());        //获取请求头信息        printPrefixedHeaders(b, id, REQUEST_PREFIX, context.getStringHeaders());        if (printEntity && context.hasEntity()) {            final OutputStream stream = new LoggingStream(b, context.getEntityStream());            context.setEntityStream(stream);            context.setProperty(ENTITY_LOGGER_PROPERTY, stream);            // not calling log(b) here - it will be called by the interceptor        } else {            log(b);        }    }

 @Override    public void filter(final ClientRequestContext requestContext, final ClientResponseContext responseContext)            throws IOException {        final Object requestId = requestContext.getProperty(LOGGING_ID_PROPERTY);        final long id = requestId != null ? (Long) requestId : _id.incrementAndGet();        final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();        //获取容器响应状态        printResponseLine(b, "Client response received", id, responseContext.getStatus());        //获取容器响应头信息        printPrefixedHeaders(b, id, RESPONSE_PREFIX, responseContext.getHeaders());

• 单元测试类

public class TIResourceJtfTest extends JerseyTest {    @Override    protected Application configure() {        ResourceConfig config = new ResourceConfig(BookResource.class);        return config.register(com.example.filter.log.AirLogFilter.class);    }    @Override    protected void configureClient(ClientConfig config) {        config.register(new AirLogFilter());    }

上述代码中,为了访问日志生效,需要测试类TIResourceJtfTest在Jersey测试框架的服务器端和客户端,分别注册服务日志类AirLogFilter,单元测试结果如下

2017-09-13 10:01:58,135 DEBUG [com.example.resource.TIResourceJtfTest] main - >>Test Post2017-09-13 10:01:58,232 INFO  [com.example.filter.log.AirLogFilter] main - 1 * AirLog - Request received on thread main1 / POST http://localhost:9998/books/1 / Accept: application/json1 / Content-Type: application/json2017-09-13 10:01:59,038 DEBUG [com.example.resource.interceptor.AirReaderWriterInterceptor] grizzly-http-server-0 - null:Java Restful Web Service实战-602865027284019:null2017-09-13 10:01:59,043 DEBUG [com.example.resource.interceptor.AirReaderWriterInterceptor] grizzly-http-server-0 - 602865932131718:Java Restful Web Service实战-602865027284019:null2017-09-13 10:01:59,084 INFO  [com.example.filter.log.AirLogFilter] main - 2 * AirLog - Response received on thread main2 \ 2002 \ Content-Length: 862 \ Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2017 02:01:59 GMT2 \ Content-Type: application/json2017-09-13 10:01:59,096 DEBUG [com.example.resource.TIResourceJtfTest] main - <<Test Post九月 13, 2017 10:01:59 上午 org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.NetworkListener shutdownNow信息: Stopped listener bound to [localhost:9998]

REST拦截器

拦截器和过滤器的相同点就是都是一种在请求–响应模型中,用作切面处理的Provider。两者的不同除了功能性上的差异(一个用于过滤消息,一个用于拦截处理)之外,形式上也不同,拦截器通常都是”读写”成对,而且没有服务器端和客户端的区分。Jersey提供的拦截器如下:

1、ReaderInterceptor

• 读拦截器ReaderInterceptor定义的拦截方法是aroundReadFrom(),该方法包含一个输入参数,即读拦截器的上下文接口ReaderInterceptorContext,从中可以获取到投信息,输入流以及父接口InterceptorContext提供的媒体类型等上下文信息。接口方法示例如下:

 /**     * Interceptor method wrapping calls to {@link MessageBodyReader#readFrom} method.     *     * The parameters of the wrapped method called are available from {@code context}.     * Implementations of this method SHOULD explicitly call {@link ReaderInterceptorContext#proceed}     * to invoke the next interceptor in the chain, and ultimately the wrapped     * {@link MessageBodyReader#readFrom} method.     *     * @param context invocation context.     * @return result of next interceptor invoked or the wrapped method if last interceptor in chain.     * @throws java.io.IOException if an IO error arises or is thrown by the wrapped     *                             {@code MessageBodyReader.readFrom} method.     * @throws javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException     *                             thrown by the wrapped {@code MessageBodyReader.readFrom} method.     */    public Object aroundReadFrom(ReaderInterceptorContext context)            throws java.io.IOException, javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;

2、WriterInterceptor

写拦截器WriterInterceptor定义的拦截方法是aroundWriteTo(),该方法包含一个输入参数,写拦截器上下文接口WriterInterceptorContext,从中可以获取投信息,输出流以及父接口InterceptorContext提供的媒体类型等上下文信息,接口方法示例如下:

 /**     * Interceptor method wrapping calls to {@link MessageBodyWriter#writeTo} method.     * The parameters of the wrapped method called are available from {@code context}.     * Implementations of this method SHOULD explicitly call     * {@link WriterInterceptorContext#proceed} to invoke the next interceptor in the chain,     * and ultimately the wrapped {@code MessageBodyWriter.writeTo} method.     *     * @param context invocation context.     * @throws java.io.IOException if an IO error arises or is thrown by the wrapped     *                             {@code MessageBodyWriter.writeTo} method.     * @throws javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException     *                             thrown by the wrapped {@code MessageBodyWriter.writeTo} method.     */    void aroundWriteTo(WriterInterceptorContext context)            throws java.io.IOException, javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;

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REST服务与异步

服务端实现

可以利用JAX-RS2提供额AsyncResponse,通过一个异步线程来执行查询,在查询完后,由这个异步线程完成对请求的响应。

1、异步资源类

@Component@Path("books")@Produces({"application/json;charset=UTF-8", "application/javascript;charset=UTF-8", "text/javascript;charset=UTF-8"})public class AsyncResource {    private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(AsyncResource.class);    public static final long TIMEOUT = 120;    final ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);    @GET    public void getAll(@Suspended final AsyncResponse asyncResponse) {        //该方法用于定义回调        configResponse(asyncResponse);        final BatchRunner batchTask = new BatchRunner(asyncResponse);        threadPool.submit(batchTask);    }    //回调方法  当请你去处理完成之后,CompletionCallback实例的onComplete()方法将会被回调,实现onComplete()方法,可以监听请求处理完成事件并实现相关业务流程。    private void configResponse(final AsyncResponse asyncResponse) {        asyncResponse.register((CompletionCallback) throwable -> {            if (throwable == null) {                log.info("CompletionCallback-onComplete: OK");            } else {                log.info("CompletionCallback-onComplete: ERROR: " + throwable.getMessage());            }        });        //        asyncResponse.register((ConnectionCallback) disconnected -> {            //Status.GONE=410            log.info("ConnectionCallback-onDisconnect");            //当请求--响应模型的连接断开的时候,CompletionCallback实例的onDisconnect()方法会被回调。实现这个方法可以监听连接断开事件并实现相关业务,比如主动唤醒AsyncRespurce实例并设置状态码HTTP为410、客户端请求资源不可用(Response.status(Response.Status.GONE)来完成响应工作。            disconnected.resume(Response.status(Response.Status.GONE).entity("disconnect!").build());        });        asyncResponse.setTimeoutHandler(new TimeoutHandler() {        //TimeoutHandler是JAX-RS2定义的超时处理接口,用于处理异步响应类超时事件,当预期的超时时间到达之后,TimeoutHandler实例的handleTimeout()方法就会被调用。实现这个方法可以监听超时时间并处理相关业务。  并设置状态码为503、服务器端服务不可用(Response.Status.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE)  TimeoutHandler的实现可以作为AsyncResource的setTimeoutHandler()方法的参数来配置。AsyncResource的setTimeout()方法用于设置超时时间,默认永不超时。            @Override            public void handleTimeout(AsyncResponse asyncResponse) {                //Status.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE=503                log.info("TIMEOUT");                asyncResponse.resume(Response.status(Response.Status.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE).entity("Operation time out.").build());            }        });        asyncResponse.setTimeout(TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS);    }    class BatchRunner implements Runnable {        private final AsyncResponse response;        public BatchRunner(AsyncResponse asyncResponse) {            this.response = asyncResponse;        }        @Override        public void run() {            try {                Books books = doBatch();                response.resume(books);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                log.error(e);            }        }        private Books doBatch() throws InterruptedException {            Books books = new Books();            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {                Thread.sleep(500);                Book book = new Book(i + 10000l, "Java RESTful Web Services", "华章");                log.debug(book);                books.getBookList().add(book);            }            return books;        }    }}

• 1、测试方法:

    @Test    public void testAsync() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {        final Invocation.Builder request = target("http://localhost:" + this.port + "/books").request();        final AsyncInvoker async = request.async();        //客户端试用AsyncInvoker的get()方法提交异步请求.该方法返回Future接口的实例,客户端线程可以以非阻塞的方法处理其他业务流程,然后调用Future的get()方法来获取服务器处理结果。        final Future<Books> responseFuture =    async.get(Books.class);        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        try {            Books result = responseFuture.get(AsyncResource.TIMEOUT + 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);            log.debug("Testing result size = {}", result.getBookList().size());            //如果在指定时间内服务器没有响应,将会报TimeoutException异常,我们可以捕获这个异常并且实现超时处理。        } catch (TimeoutException e) {            log.debug("Fail to request asynchronously", e);        } finally {            log.debug("Elapsed time = {}", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);        }    }

• 2、回调方法

  @Test    public void testAsyncCallBack() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {        final AsyncInvoker async = target("http://localhost:" + this.port + "/books").request().async();        final Future<Books> responseFuture = async.get(new InvocationCallback<Books>() {            //处理REST回调成功的方法            @Override            public void completed(Books result) {                log.debug("On Completed: " + result.getBookList().size());            }            //处理REST回调失败的方法            @Override            public void failed(Throwable throwable) {                log.debug("On Failed: " + throwable.getMessage());                throwable.printStackTrace();            }        });        log.debug("First response time::" + System.currentTimeMillis());        try {            responseFuture.get(AsyncResource.TIMEOUT + 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);        } catch (TimeoutException e) {            log.debug("", e);        } finally {            log.debug("Second response time::" + System.currentTimeMillis());        }    }

• 3、测试结果

    {        "book":{            {                "bookId": 10000,                "bookName": "JAVA RESTful Web Service",                "publisher": "华章"            },             {                "bookId": 10001,                "bookName": "JAVA RESTful Web Service",                "publisher": "华章"            },             {                "bookId": 100002,                "bookName": "JAVA RESTful Web Service",                "publisher": "华章"            },             {                "bookId": 10003,                "bookName": "JAVA RESTful Web Service",                "publisher": "华章"            },             {                "bookId": 10004,                "bookName": "JAVA RESTful Web Service",                "publisher": "华章"            },             {                "bookId": 10005,                "bookName": "JAVA RESTful Web Service",                "publisher": "华章"            }        }    }