SpringCloud踩坑实战笔记(入门篇)

前言

本周投入了不少的精力着重研究了springCloud相关的基础知识，把网上的相关博文，资料翻了一遍，搭建出了第一个SpringCould的Demo集群，把SrpingCould的入门坑踩了一遍，在这记录一下，希望大家能少走一些弯路。

SpringCould介绍

Spring Cloud为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统中一些常见模式的工具（例如配置管理，服务发现，断路器，智能路由，微代理，控制总线）。简单来说，SpringCloud为开发人员提供了一系列贴有Spring品牌的适合于微服务应用开发的服务组件。 
本文涉及到的主要内容如下图所示。 

Demo架构

这里面涉及的内容较多，由于本文侧重实战就不详细说明了，请参考网络上的博客和https://www.springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html与https://www.springcloud.cc/。

主要内容

准备工作

建立开发环境，我们一共需要5个工程来完成Demo的搭建，开发环境是maven,jdk8,intellij。 
目录结构如下图所示，采用maven约定的结构。 

服务注册与发现（Spring Eureka）

demo-eureka工程 
DemoApplication.java

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;@EnableEurekaServer@SpringBootApplicationpublic class DemoApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);    }}
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application.properties 
ps这个配置不可用于生产环境,缺乏优化

server.port=8181#端口spring.application.name=mmb-eureka-server#服务名称eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false#注册自己，用于集群形式eureka.client.fetch-registry=false#若为true的话会报错
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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>demo</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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负载均衡和连接模板（Spring Ribbon&Feign）

DemoClient2Application.java

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClient@EnableFeignClientspublic class DemoClient2Application {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(DemoClient2Application.class, args);    }}
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DemoController.java

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;@RestControllerpublic class DemoController {    @Autowired    private WordFeignClient wordFeignClient;    @RequestMapping("/abc")    public String getSentence() {        return wordFeignClient.getWord() + wordFeignClient.getWord();    }}
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WordFeignClient.java

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;/** * Created by zhaoenwei on 2017/7/1. */@FeignClient("mmb-eureka-subject")public interface WordFeignClient {    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)    String getWord();}
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application.properties

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8181/eurekaserver.port= 8182spring.application.name=mmb-eureka-client2eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=truemmb-eureka-subject.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>demo-client2</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>demo-client2</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>            <version>2.6.1</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>            <version>2.6.1</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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网关（Spring Zuul）

ZuulDemoApplication.java

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;        import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;        import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;        import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;@SpringCloudApplication@EnableZuulProxypublic class ZuulDemoApplication {    @Bean    public SimpleFilter simpleFilter() {        return new SimpleFilter();    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ZuulDemoApplication.class, args);    }}
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SimpleFilter.java

package com.example.demo;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import net.sf.json.JSONObject;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by zhaoenwei on 2017/6/30. */public class SimpleFilter extends ZuulFilter {    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleFilter.class);    @Override    public String filterType() {        return "pre";    }    @Override    public int filterOrder() {        return 1;    }    @Override    public boolean shouldFilter() {        return true;    }    @Override    public Object run() {        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();        Map<String,String[]> map=request.getParameterMap();        JSONObject jsonMap= JSONObject.fromObject(map);        log.info(String.format("%s request to %s ZEW==>params:%s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString(),jsonMap.toString()));        return null;    }}
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application.properties

#path的url是被替换掉的也示例#zuulIP:zuulPort/sentence2/abc->serviceIP:servicePort/abczuul.routes.sentence.path=/sentence2/**zuul.routes.sentence.serviceId=mmb-eureka-client2  #zuul.routes.sentence.url=http://localhost:8182/sentencespring.application.name=mmb-zuul-server#下面那个参数是去掉zuul-prefix参数产生的前缀的，跟path一毛钱关系都没有zuul.strip-prefix=falseserver.port=8081eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8181/eureka
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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>zuul-demo</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>zuul-demo</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>            <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>            <version>2.4</version>            <classifier>jdk15</classifier>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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配置中心与消息总线（Srping Config & Bus）

该配置中心设置是支持在git的统一配置管理，并支持rabbitmq的消息传播。也就是说该服务需要rabbitmq的环境。

配置中心

DemoConfigApplication.java

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;@SpringBootApplication@EnableConfigServer@EnableDiscoveryClientpublic class DemoConfigApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(DemoConfigApplication.class, args);    }}
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application.properties

server.port=8888spring.application.name=config-servereureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8181/eurekaeureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
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bootstrap.properties

spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/config-repo.gitmanagement.security.enabled=falsespring.cloud.config.server.git.basedir=target/configspring.cloud.config.server.git.search-paths= configclientspring.rabbitmq.host=localhostspring.rabbitmq.port=5672
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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>demo-config</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>demo-config</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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配置客户端

DemoConfigApplication.java

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClientpublic class DemoClientApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(DemoClientApplication.class, args);    }}
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DemoController.java

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.net.Inet4Address;import java.net.UnknownHostException;/** * Created by zhaoenwei on 2017/6/29. */@RefreshScope@RestControllerpublic class DemoController {    private static long timeStample=System.currentTimeMillis();//   @Autowired//   private ConstantProperties constantProperties;    //从config server拿到的配置数据    @Value("${words}")    private String wordsStr;    @RequestMapping("/")    public  String getWord() {        String[] wordArray = wordsStr.split(",");        String address= null;        try {            address = Inet4Address.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        int i = (int)Math.round(Math.random() * (wordArray.length - 1));            return wordArray[i]+timeStample+ address;    }}
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application.properties

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://192.168.31.238:8181/eurekaserver.port= ${PORT:${SERVER_PORT:0}}spring.application.name=mmb-eureka-subjecteureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=truespring.cloud.config.uri=http://localhost:8888spring.cloud.config.profile=devspring.rabbitmq.host=localhostspring.rabbitmq.port=5672
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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>demo-client</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>demo-client</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-client</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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总结

本文展示了如何搭建基于SpringCloud的微服务框架，包括了负责服务注册于发现的Spring Eureka，负责基于客户端负载均衡的组件Srping Ribbon，负责统一配置的Spring Config，负责智能路由和网关的Sping Zuul以及消息更新的消息总线Spring Bus,还有简化Rest连接的模板Feign。 
最后补充两点： 
1.在springCloud中最为复杂和容易出错的的并非是业务代码开发，而是依赖与配置，所以关于.properties或.yaml都是使用SpringCloud的必背基础， 
2.支撑业务的SpringBoot开发框架也是必不可少的基础知识。

附录

下面是Demo项目的Git地址：

1. 统一配置文件：https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/config-repo.git
2. 配置中心：https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/demo-config.git
3. 网关：https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/demo-zuul.git
4. 负载均衡和连接模板的客户端：https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/demo-client-ribbon-feign.git
5. 配置客户端：https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/demo-client.git
6. 服务注册中心：https://github.com/zhaoenweiex/demo-eureka.git