bash

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转自http://blog.csdn.net/jb19900111/article/details/13507815

自己写了一下小的shell实例，虽然很小，但所有的大的程序都是由小的模块堆积起来的，程序员一定要懂得一种脚本的书写，而我，只会在Linux下工作，所以就只能写linux的shell脚本了，呵呵，本文会陆续更新，给自己加油！

1.模拟linnux登录shell

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#!/bin/bash ##! /bin/sh 是指此脚本使用/bin/sh来解释执行，#!是特殊的表示符，其后面根的是此解释此脚本的shell的路径。
echo -n “login:” #echo -n 不换行输出
read name #read命令接收标准输入（键盘）的输入，或者其他文件描述符的输入。得到输入后，read命令将数据放入一个标准变量中。
#在上面read后面的变量只有name一个，也可以有多个，这时如果输入多个数据，则第一个数据给第一个变量，第二个数据给第二个变量。如果输入数据个数过多，则最后剩下的所有值都给最后一个变量，如果太少输入不会结束。
echo -n “password:”
read passwd
if [ name = "cht" -a passwd = “abc” ];then #使用一个定义过的变量，只要在变量名前面加美元符号（$）,=判断字符串是否相等,[ …. -a ….. ] 相当于 “与” -o 表示或
echo “the host and password is right!”
else echo “input is error!”
fi

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#!/bin/bash
echo -n “login:”
read name
echo -n “password:”
read passwd
if [ name = "cht" -a passwd = “abc” ];then
echo “the host and password is right!”
else echo “input is error!”
fi

#!/bin/bashecho -n "login:" read nameecho -n "password:"read passwdif [ $name = "cht" -a $passwd = "abc" ];thenecho "the host and password is right!"else echo "input is error!"fi

2.比较两个数大小

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#!/bin/bash
echo “please enter two number”
read a
read b
if test a -eq b #test 整数1 –eq 整数2 整数相等
then echo “NO.1 = NO.2”
elif test a -gt b #test 整数1 –gt 整数2 整数1大于整数2
then echo “NO.1 > NO.2”
else echo “NO.1 < NO.2”
fi

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#!/bin/bash
echo “please enter two number”
read a
read b
if test a -eq b
then echo “NO.1 = NO.2”
elif test a -gt b
then echo “NO.1 > NO.2”
else echo “NO.1 < NO.2”
fi

#!/bin/bashecho "please enter two number"read aread bif test $a -eq $bthen echo "NO.1 = NO.2"elif test $a -gt $bthen echo "NO.1 > NO.2"else echo "NO.1 < NO.2" fi

3.查找/root/目录下是否存在该文件

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#!/bin/bash
echo “enter a file name:”
read a
if test -e /root/$a #test –e File 文件是否存在（常用）
then echo “the file is exist!”
else echo “the file is not exist!”
fi

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#!/bin/bash
echo “enter a file name:”
read a
if test -e /root/$a
then echo “the file is exist!”
else echo “the file is not exist!”
fi

#!/bin/bashecho "enter a file name:"read aif test  -e /root/$a then echo "the file is exist!"else echo "the file is not exist!"fi

4.for循环的使用

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#!/bin/bash
clear #刷新屏幕
for num in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #列表是一组值（数字、字符串等）组成的序列，每个值通过空格分隔。每循环一次，就将列表中的下一个值赋给变量num
do
echo ”$num”
done

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#!/bin/bash
clear
for num in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
do
echo ”$num”
done

#!/bin/bashclearfor num in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10do    echo "$num"done

5..查看是否当前用户

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#!/bin/bash
echo “Please enter a user:”
read a
b=(whoami)  #使用一个定义过的变量，只要在变量名前面加美元符号（）即可
if test a = b #test 字符串1＝字符串2 字符串是否相等，若相等返回true
then echo “the user is running.”
else echo “the user is not running.”
fi

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#!/bin/bash
echo “Please enter a user:”
read a
b=(whoami)  </li><li class="alt">if test a = $b
then echo “the user is running.”
else echo “the user is not running.”
fi

#!/bin/bashecho "Please enter a user:"read ab=$(whoami)if test $a = $bthen echo "the user is running."else echo "the user is not running."fi

6.删除当前目录下大小为0的文件

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#!/bin/bash
for filename in `ls`
do
if test -d filename #test –d File                                           文件并且是目录 </li><li class="alt">    then b=0  </li><li>    else      </li><li class="alt">       a=(ls -l filename | awk '{ print $5 }')  </li><li>            if test a -eq 0 #test 整数1 –eq 整数2 整数相等
then rm $filename
fi
fi
done

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#!/bin/bash
for filename in `ls`
do
if test -d filename  </li><li class="alt">    then b=0  </li><li class="">    else      </li><li class="alt">       a=(ls -l filename | awk '{ print $5 }')  </li><li class="">            if test a -eq 0
then rm $filename
fi
fi
done

#!/bin/bashfor filename in `ls`do    if test -d $filename    then b=0    else           a=$(ls -l $filename | awk '{ print $5 }')            if test $a -eq 0             then rm $filename             fi        fi      done

7.如果/export/um_lpp_source下有文件，那么将其文件系统大小改为3G

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#!/bin/bash
while line=`ls /export/um_lpp_source` //把目录/export/um_lpp_source下的文件赋给line变量
do
if test line=""  #if test  (表达式为真) </li><li class="alt">    then  echo "NULL"  #输出字符串NULL</li><li>    sleep 1  #sleep 1 睡眠1秒</li><li class="alt">    else echo line
chfs -a size=3G /export/um_lpp_source #把/export/um_lpp_source的大小改为3G
exit 0
fi
done

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#!/bin/bash
while line=`ls /export/um_lpp_source`
do
if test line=""  </li><li class="alt">    then  echo "NULL"  </li><li class="">    sleep 1  </li><li class="alt">    else echo line
chfs -a size=3G /export/um_lpp_source
exit 0
fi
done

 #!/bin/bashwhile line=`ls /export/um_lpp_source`do    if test $line=""    then  echo "NULL"    sleep 1    else echo $line    chfs -a size=3G /export/um_lpp_source    exit 0    fidone

8.测试IP地址

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#!/bin/bash
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
do
echo “the number of i computer is "  </li><li class="alt">    ping -c 1 192.168.0.i #-c指定要求完成的回应次数
done

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#!/bin/bash
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
do
echo “the number of i computer is "  </li><li class="alt">    ping -c 1 192.168.0.i
done

#!/bin/bashfor i in  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 do    echo "the number of $i computer is "    ping -c 1 192.168.0.$idone

9.如果test.log的大小大于0，那么将/opt目录下的*.tar.gz文件拷贝到当前目录下

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#!/bin/sh
a=2
while name=”test.log”
do
sleep 1 #sleep 1 睡眠1秒
b=(ls -l name | awk ’{print 5}')  </li><li class="alt">   if test b -gt $a #test 整数1 –gt 整数2 整数1大于整数2
then `cp /opt/*.tar.gz .`
exit 0
fi
done

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#!/bin/sh
a=2
while name=”test.log”
do
sleep 1
b=(ls -l name | awk ’{print 5}')  </li><li class="alt">   if test b -gt $a
then `cp /opt/*.tar.gz .`
exit 0
fi
done

 #!/bin/sha=2while name="test.log"do   sleep 1   b=$(ls -l $name | awk '{print $5}')   if test $b -gt $a   then `cp /opt/*.tar.gz .`   exit 0   fidone

10.打印读取的内容，为下面的例子做准备

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#!/bin/bash
while read name
do
echo $name
done

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#!/bin/bash
while read name
do
echo $name
done

#!/bin/bashwhile read namedoecho $namedone

11.从0.sh中读取内容并打印

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#!/bin/bash
while read line
do
echo $line
done < 0.sh

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#!/bin/bash
while read line
do
echo $line
done < 0.sh

#!/bin/bashwhile read linedo    echo $linedone < 0.sh

12.读取a.c中的内容并做加1运算

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#!/bin/bash
test -e a.c #test –e File 文件是否存在（常用）
while read line
do
a=((line+1)) #内容做加1运算
done < a.c
echo $a

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#!/bin/bash
test -e a.c
while read line
do
a=((line+1))
done < a.c
echo $a

#!/bin/bashtest -e a.cwhile read linedo  a=$(($line+1))done < a.cecho $a

13.普通无参数函数

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#!/bin/bash
p ()
{
echo “hello”
}
p

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#!/bin/bash
p ()
{
echo “hello”
}
p

#!/bin/bashp (){    echo "hello"}p

14.给函数传递参数

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#!/bin/bash
p_num ()
{
num=1  </li><li class="alt">    echo num
}
for n in @   #输入参数到函数中</li><li>do  </li><li class="alt">    p_num n
done

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#!/bin/bash
p_num ()
{
num=1  </li><li class="alt">    echo num
}
for n in @  </li><li class="">do  </li><li class="alt">    p_num n
done

#!/bin/bashp_num (){    num=$1    echo $num}for n in $@do    p_num $ndone

15.创建文件夹

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#!/bin/bash
while :
do
echo “please input file’s name:”
read a
if test -e /root/a  #test –e File                                           文件是否存在（常用）</li><li class="alt">    then  </li><li>         echo "the file is existing Please input new file name:"  </li><li class="alt">    else  </li><li>        mkdir a
echo “you aye sussesful!”
break
fi
done

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#!/bin/bash
while :
do
echo “please input file’s name:”
read a
if test -e /root/a  </li><li class="alt">    then  </li><li class="">         echo "the file is existing Please input new file name:"  </li><li class="alt">    else  </li><li class="">        mkdir a
echo “you aye sussesful!”
break
fi
done

#!/bin/bashwhile :do    echo "please input file's name:"    read a    if test -e /root/$a    then         echo "the file is existing Please input new file name:"    else        mkdir $a        echo "you aye sussesful!"        break     fidone

16.获取本机IP地址

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#!/bin/bash
ifconfig | grep “inet addr:” | awk ’{ print $2 }’| sed ‘s/addr://g’

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#!/bin/bash
ifconfig | grep “inet addr:” | awk ’{ print $2 }’| sed ‘s/addr://g’

#!/bin/bashifconfig | grep "inet addr:" | awk '{ print $2 }'| sed 's/addr://g'

17.查找最大文件

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#!/bin/bash
a=0
for name in *.*
do
b=(ls -l name | awk ’{print 5}')  </li><li>    if test b -gt a  #test 整数1 –gt 整数2                         整数1大于整数2 </li><li class="alt">    then a=b #更改比较值
namemax=name  </li><li class="alt">    fi  </li><li>done  </li><li class="alt">echo "the max file is namemax”

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#!/bin/bash
a=0
for name in *.*
do
b=(ls -l name | awk ’{print 5}')  </li><li class="">    if test b -gt a  </li><li class="alt">    then a=b
namemax=name  </li><li class="alt">    fi  </li><li class="">done  </li><li class="alt">echo "the max file is namemax”

#!/bin/basha=0for  name in *.*do    b=$(ls -l $name | awk '{print $5}')    if test $b -gt $a    then a=$b    namemax=$name    fidoneecho "the max file is $namemax"

18.查找当前网段内IP用户，重定向到ip.txt文件中

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#!/bin/bash
a=1
while :
do
a=((a+1)) #从1开始不断地向上加，直到等于255时退出
if test a -gt 255  #test 整数1 –gt 整数2                         整数1大于整数2 </li><li class="alt">    then break  </li><li>    else  </li><li class="alt">        echo (ping -c 1 192.168.0.a | grep "ttl" | awk '{print $4}'| sed 's/://g')  #-c 后面带发送次数，sed 's/://g'是吧空格全部替换为\</li><li>        ip=(ping -c 1 192.168.0.a | grep "ttl" | awk '{print $4}'| sed 's/://g')  </li><li class="alt">        echo ip >> ip.txt
fi
done

TTL，存活时间TTL是IP协议包中的一个值，它告诉网络路由器包在网络中的时间是否太长而应被丢

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#!/bin/bash
a=1
while :
do
a=((a+1))
if test a -gt 255  </li><li class="alt">    then break  </li><li class="">    else  </li><li class="alt">        echo (ping -c 1 192.168.0.a | grep "ttl" | awk '{print $4}'| sed 's/://g')  </li><li class="">        ip=(ping -c 1 192.168.0.a | grep "ttl" | awk '{print $4}'| sed 's/://g')  </li><li class="alt">        echo ip >> ip.txt
fi
done

#!/bin/basha=1while :do    a=$(($a+1))    if test $a -gt 255    then break    else        echo $(ping -c 1 192.168.0.$a | grep "ttl" | awk '{print $4}'| sed 's/://g')        ip=$(ping -c 1 192.168.0.$a | grep "ttl" | awk '{print $4}'| sed 's/://g')        echo $ip >> ip.txt    fidone

19.打印当前用户

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#!/bin/bash
echo “Current User is :”
echo (ps | grep "" | awk '{print 2}’) #ps显示瞬间行程 (process) 的动态, $是当前进程号,就是你的shell的进程号</li></ol> <div class="save_code tracking-ad" style=""><a target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt=""></a></div> <div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div> <div class="dp-highlighter bg_plain"><div class="bar"><div class="tools">[plain] <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 185px; top: 9618px; width: 15px; height: 16px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_38" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15" height="16" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_38" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=38&width=15&height=16" wmode="transparent"></div> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a></div></div><ol start="1"><li class="alt">#!/bin/bash  </li><li class="">echo "Current User is :"  </li><li class="alt">echo $(ps | grep "$ ” | awk ’{print $2}’)

#!/bin/bashecho "Current User is :"echo $(ps | grep "$$" | awk '{print $2}')

20.case语句练习

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#!/bin/bash
clear
echo “enter a number from 1 to 5:”
read num
case $num in
1) echo “you enter 1”
;;
2) echo “you enter 2”
;;
3) echo “you enter 3”
;;
4) echo “you enter 4”
;;
5) echo “you enter 5”
;;
*) echo “error” #如果无一匹配模式，使用星号 * 捕获该值，再执行后面的命令
;;
esac

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#!/bin/bash
clear
echo “enter a number from 1 to 5:”
read num
case $num in
1) echo “you enter 1”
;;
2) echo “you enter 2”
;;
3) echo “you enter 3”
;;
4) echo “you enter 4”
;;
5) echo “you enter 5”
;;
*) echo “error”
;;
esac

#!/bin/bashclearecho "enter a number from 1 to 5:"read numcase $num in    1) echo "you enter 1"    ;;    2) echo "you enter 2"    ;;    3) echo "you enter 3"    ;;    4) echo "you enter 4"    ;;    5) echo "you enter 5"    ;;    *) echo "error"    ;;esac

21.yes/no返回不同的结构

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#!/bin/bash
clear
echo “enter [y/n]:”
read a
case a in  #调用变量a</li><li>    y|Y|Yes|YES) echo "you enter a”
;; #;; 与其他语言中的 break 类似，意思是跳到整个 case 语句的最后。
n|N|NO|no) echo “you enter $a”
;;
*) echo “error”
;;
esac

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#!/bin/bash
clear
echo “enter [y/n]:”
read a
case a in  </li><li class="">    y|Y|Yes|YES) echo "you enter a”
;;
n|N|NO|no) echo “you enter $a”
;;
*) echo “error”
;;
esac

#!/bin/bashclearecho "enter [y/n]:"read acase $a in    y|Y|Yes|YES) echo "you enter $a"    ;;    n|N|NO|no) echo "you enter $a"    ;;    *) echo "error"    ;;esac

22.内置命令的使用

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#!/bin/bash
clear #清除终端屏幕
echo “Hello, USER"  #USER是环境变量
echo “Today ‘s date id `date`” #显示命令date
echo “the user is :”
who #who命令能够打印当前都有谁登录到系统中的相关信息
echo “this is `uname -s`” #uname -s`打印当前系统相关信息,-s或–sysname：显示操作系统名称
echo “that’s all folks! ”

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#!/bin/bash
clear
echo “Hello, $USER”
echo “Today ‘s date id `date`”
echo “the user is :”
who
echo “this is `uname -s`”
echo “that’s all folks! ”

#!/bin/bashclearecho "Hello, $USER"echo "Today 's date id `date`"echo "the user is :"whoecho "this is `uname -s`"echo "that's all folks! "

23.打印无密码用户

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#!/bin/bash
echo “No Password User are :”
echo (cat /etc/shadow | grep "!!" | awk 'BEGIN { FS=":" }{print 1}’) #BEGIN{ 这里面放的是执行前的语句 },从也就是第1个参数

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