org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'userService' availab

1.问题描述

Hibernate+Spring+SpirngMVC+Maven异常信息：
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ‘userService’ availab

7-Sep-2017 09:02:56.306 严重 [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.initServletBean Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'userService' available    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:321)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867)    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:171)    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1183)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1099)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:989)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4931)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5241)    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:752)    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:728)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1739)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482)    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:324)    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'userService' available    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:687)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1207)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:284)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:522)    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:496)    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:627)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:169)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:318)    ... 65 more[2017-09-27 09:02:56,318] Artifact storage:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully[2017-09-27 09:02:56,318] Artifact storage:war exploded: Deploy took 1,186 milliseconds27-Sep-2017 09:03:04.996 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/webapps/manager]27-Sep-2017 09:03:05.037 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/webapps/manager] has finished in [40] ms

当把@Resource改成@Autowired时，报了类似的错误：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private cn.com.ecict.service.UserService cn.com.ecict.controller.UserController.userService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [cn.com.ecict.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:334)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1210)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755)    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:629)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:677)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:548)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:489)    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1183)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1099)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:989)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4931)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5241)    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:752)    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:728)    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1739)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482)    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401)    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:324)    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private cn.com.ecict.service.UserService cn.com.ecict.controller.UserController.userService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [cn.com.ecict.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:561)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:331)    ... 65 moreCaused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [cn.com.ecict.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1301)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1047)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:942)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:533)    ... 67 more

2.解決办法

这个问题竟然困扰了我一整天，今天上午才发现是一个低级问题导致的。
问题原因是：web.xml中没有添加applicationContext.xml配置。
在web.xml中添加下面代码，重新运行。

  <context-param>    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  </context-param>  <listener>    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>