dubbo 的使用

Dubbo是[3] 阿里巴巴公司开源的一个高性能优秀的服务框架，使得应用可通过高性能的 RPC 实现服务的输

出和输入功能，可以和 [4] Spring框架无缝集成。

主要核心部件

Remoting: 网络通信框架，实现了 sync-over-async 和 request-response 消息机制.

RPC: 一个远程过程调用的抽象，支持负载均衡、容灾和集群功能

Registry: 服务目录框架用于服务的注册和服务事件发布和订阅

工作原理

Provider

暴露服务方称之为“服务提供者”。

Consumer

调用远程服务方称之为“服务消费者”。

Registry

服务注册与发现的中心目录服务称之为“服务注册中心”。

Monitor

统计服务的调用次数和调用时间的日志服务称之为“服务监控中心”。

(1) 连通性：

注册中心负责服务地址的注册与查找，相当于目录服务，服务提供者和消费者只在启动时与注册中心交互，注册中心不转发请求，压力较小

监控中心负责统计各服务调用次数，调用时间等，统计先在内存汇总后每分钟一次发送到监控中心服务器，并以报表展示

服务提供者向注册中心注册其提供的服务，并汇报调用时间到监控中心，此时间不包含网络开销

服务消费者向注册中心获取服务提供者地址列表，并根据负载算法直接调用提供者，同时汇报调用时间到监控中心，此时间包含网络开销

注册中心，服务提供者，服务消费者三者之间均为长连接，监控中心除外

注册中心通过长连接感知服务提供者的存在，服务提供者宕机，注册中心将立即推送事件通知消费者

注册中心和监控中心全部宕机，不影响已运行的提供者和消费者，消费者在本地缓存了提供者列表

注册中心和监控中心都是可选的，服务消费者可以直连服务提供者

(2) 健状性：

监控中心宕掉不影响使用，只是丢失部分采样数据

数据库宕掉后，注册中心仍能通过缓存提供服务列表查询，但不能注册新服务

注册中心对等集群，任意一台宕掉后，将自动切换到另一台

注册中心全部宕掉后，服务提供者和服务消费者仍能通过本地缓存通讯

服务提供者无状态，任意一台宕掉后，不影响使用

服务提供者全部宕掉后，服务消费者应用将无法使用，并无限次重连等待服务提供者恢复

(3) 伸缩性：

注册中心为对等集群，可动态增加机器部署实例，所有客户端将自动发现新的注册中心

服务提供者无状态，可动态增加机器部署实例，注册中心将推送新的服务提供者信息给消费者

以下是需要的ZooKeeper 安装，和管理页面的安装，测试的提供者和消费者。

所需的文件下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/liuc0317/8314333

1. 我在windows 下安装的zooKeeper ，所下载的文件 zookeeper-3.3.6.tar.gz 解压到一个文件夹下。如图

目录如图：

进入conf 修改配置文件 zoo.cfg

# The number of milliseconds of each tick  心跳间隔 毫秒每次  tickTime=2000  # The number of ticks that the initial  # synchronization phase can take  initLimit=10  # The number of ticks that can pass between  # sending a request and getting anacknowledgement  syncLimit=5  # the directory where the snapshot isstored.  //镜像数据位置  dataDir=D:\\data\\zookeeper  #日志位置  dataLogDir=D:\\logs\\zookeeper  # the port at which the clients willconnect  客户端连接的端口  clientPort=2181  

修改了配置文件dataLogDir 的配置，这个配置地址需要人为的去创建，要不然会报错。这样，配置就基本完成了。

第二步：进入bin 目录，然后在 dos 下运行。

这样 zookeeper 就启动了，同时可以使用zookeeper 自带的客户端查看一下。如图：

编写服务的提供者和消费者 如图：

DemoService.java

package com.unj.dubbotest.provider;    import java.util.List;    public interface DemoService {        String sayHello(String name);        public List getUsers();    }  

DemoServiceImp.java

package com.unj.dubbotest.provider.impl;    import java.util.ArrayList;  import java.util.List;    import com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService;    public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {        public String sayHello(String name) {          return "Hello " + name;      }        public List getUsers() {          List list = new ArrayList();          User u1 = new User();          u1.setName("jack");          u1.setAge(20);          u1.setSex("m");            User u2 = new User();          u2.setName("tom");          u2.setAge(21);          u2.setSex("m");            User u3 = new User();          u3.setName("rose");          u3.setAge(19);          u3.setSex("w");            list.add(u1);          list.add(u2);          list.add(u3);          return list;      }  }  

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd          http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo          http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd          ">        <!-- 具体的实现bean -->      <bean id="demoService" class="com.unj.dubbotest.provider.impl.DemoServiceImpl" />        <!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 -->      <dubbo:application name="xixi_provider" />        <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234"           /> -->        <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->      <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://10.20.5.106:2181" />        <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->      <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />        <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->      <dubbo:service interface="com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService"          ref="demoService" />    </beans> 

Provider.java

package com.unj.dubbotest.provider.impl;    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;    public class Provider {        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {          ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(                  new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" });          context.start();          System.in.read(); // 为保证服务一直开着，利用输入流的阻塞来模拟      }  }  

运行main 方法：日志如下：

2014-12-30 15:45:46,349 INFO [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext] - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@dd87b2: display name [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@dd87b2]; startup date [Tue Dec 30 15:45:46 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy  2014-12-30 15:45:46,410 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]  2014-12-30 15:45:46,554 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.common.logger.LoggerFactory] - using logger: com.alibaba.dubbo.common.logger.log4j.Log4jLoggerAdapter  2014-12-30 15:45:46,585 INFO [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext] - Bean factory for application context [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@dd87b2]: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1319c  2014-12-30 15:45:46,831 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory] - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1319c: defining beans [demoService,xixi_provider,com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig,dubbo,com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService]; root of factory hierarchy  2014-12-30 15:45:46,834 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] -  [DUBBO] The service ready on spring started. service: com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:46,992 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] -  [DUBBO] Export dubbo service com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService to local registry, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:46,992 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] -  [DUBBO] Export dubbo service com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService to url dubbo://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:46,992 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] -  [DUBBO] Register dubbo service com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService url dubbo://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891 to registry registry://10.20.5.106:2181/com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?application=xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&pid=12192&registry=zookeeper×tamp=1419925546845, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:47,161 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.transport.AbstractServer] -  [DUBBO] Start NettyServer bind /0.0.0.0:20880, export /10.20.5.106:20880, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:47,183 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] -  [DUBBO] Load registry store file C:\Users\lenovo\.dubbo\dubbo-registry-10.20.5.106.cache, data: {com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService=empty://10.20.5.106/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?application=hehe_consumer&category=providers&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=21892&side=consumer×tamp=1419925451328 empty://10.20.5.106/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?application=hehe_consumer&category=configurators&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=21892&side=consumer×tamp=1419925451328 empty://10.20.5.106/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?application=hehe_consumer&category=routers&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=21892&side=consumer×tamp=1419925451328}, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:47,198 INFO [org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkEventThread] - Starting ZkClient event thread.  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.5-1392090, built on 09/30/2012 17:52 GMT  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:host.name=10.20.5.106  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.version=1.6.0_30  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc.  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.home=D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\JDK\Java_JDK1.6_32bit\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\jre  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper]- Client environment:java.class.path=C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\classes;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\commons-lang-2.3.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\commons-logging-1.1.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\commons-logging-api-1.1.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-2.5.2.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-admin-2.5.2-sources.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-demo-consumer-2.5.2-sources.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-demo-provider-2.5.2-sources.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-registry-simple-2.5.2-sources.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\javassist-3.4.GA.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\jline-0.9.94.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\netty-3.2.2.Final.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\netty-3.2.5.Final.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-aop.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-beans.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-context-support.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-context.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-core.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-jdbc.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-jms.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-orm.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-test.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-tx.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-web.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-webmvc-portlet.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-webmvc-struts.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-webmvc.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\zkclient-0.1.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\zookeeper-3.4.5.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\log4j-1.2.12.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar;C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.library.path=D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\JDK\Java_JDK1.6_32bit\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\bin;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jre7/bin/client;C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jre7/bin;C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jre7/lib/i386;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Program Files\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\OpenCL SDK\3.0\bin\x86;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\OpenCL SDK\3.0\bin\x64;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\JDK\Java_JDK1.6_32bit\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\bin;D:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin;D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\Maven\apache-maven-3.1.1_20140127\apache-maven-3.1.1\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenVPN\bin;D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\IDE\eclipse_JAVAEE;;.  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper]- Client environment:java.compiler=<NA>  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:os.name=Windows 7  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:os.arch=x86  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:os.version=6.1  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:user.name=lenovo  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:user.home=C:\Users\lenovo  2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:user.dir=C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider  2014-12-30 15:45:47,218 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Initiating client connection, connectString=10.20.5.106:2181 sessionTimeout=30000 watcher=org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient@2acc57  2014-12-30 15:45:47,239 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn] - Opening socket connection to server 10.20.5.106/10.20.5.106:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (无法定位登录配置)  2014-12-30 15:45:47,240 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn] - Socket connection established to 10.20.5.106/10.20.5.106:2181, initiating session  2014-12-30 15:45:47,306 WARN [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxnSocket] - Connected to an old server; r-o mode will be unavailable  2014-12-30 15:45:47,306 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn] - Session establishment complete on server 10.20.5.106/10.20.5.106:2181, sessionid = 0x14a9a27ba100000, negotiated timeout = 30000  2014-12-30 15:45:47,309 INFO [org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient] - zookeeper state changed (SyncConnected)  2014-12-30 15:45:47,312 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] -  [DUBBO] Register: dubbo://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:47,446 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] -  [DUBBO] Subscribe: provider://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=xixi_provider&category=configurators&check=false&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  2014-12-30 15:45:47,559 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] -  [DUBBO] Notify urls for subscribe url provider://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=xixi_provider&category=configurators&check=false&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, urls: [empty://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=xixi_provider&category=configurators&check=false&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891], dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1  

这样 就在 zookeeper 的控制页面中就会查询到 此服务 如图：

编写服务的消费者 项目如图：

DemoService.java 这个 服务提供者 提供的服务类，在实际开发中，需要提供者把这个类，打成一个jar 包提供给调用者。

package com.unj.dubbotest.provider;    import java.util.List;    public interface DemoService {        String sayHello(String name);        public List getUsers();    } 

Consumer.java

package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.pp;    import java.util.List;    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;    import com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService;    public class Consumer {        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {          ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(                  new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" });          context.start();            DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService");          String hello = demoService.sayHello("tom");          System.out.println(hello);            List list = demoService.getUsers();          if (list != null && list.size() > 0) {              for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {                  System.out.println(list.get(i));              }          }          System.in.read();      }    }  

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd          http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo          http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd          ">        <!-- 消费方应用名，用于计算依赖关系，不是匹配条件，不要与提供方一样 -->      <dubbo:application name="hehe_consumer" />        <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->      <!-- <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" /> -->      <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://10.20.5.106:2181" />        <!-- 生成远程服务代理，可以像使用本地bean一样使用demoService -->      <dubbo:reference id="demoService"    interface="com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService" />    </beans>  

运行的结果：

这样就调用完了。