1 简介
最近研究了Android的静默安装和智能安装，于是写博客记录一下。
静默安装就是无声无息的在后台安装apk，没有任何界面提示。
智能安装就是有安装界面，但全部是自动的，不需要用户去点击。
首先强调两点：
- 静默安装必须要root权限
- 智能安装必须要用户手动开启无障碍服务
2 原理
- 静默安装、卸载的原理就是利用pm install命令来安装apk，pm uninstall 来卸载apk.
- 智能安装是利用android系统提供的无障碍服务AccessibilityService，来模拟用户点击，从而自动安装.
3 pm命令介绍
(1) pm install
pm install 命令的用法及参数解释如下:
pm install [-l] [-r] [-t] [-i INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME] [-s] [-f] PATHOptions: -l: install the package with FORWARD_LOCK. -r: reinstall an exisiting app, keeping its data. -t: allow test .apks to be installed. -i: specify the installer package name. -s: install package on sdcard. -f: install package on internal flash.
(2) pm uninstall
pm uninstall 命令的用法及参数解释如下:
pm uninstall [-k] PACKAGEOptions: -k: keep the data and cache directories around.
上面英语很简单，不解释了.
4 静默安装
为了方便演示，我把爱奇艺的安装包重命名为test.apk后放在了sdcard上。你可以自己去爱奇艺官网去下载，也可以自己找一个apk放到sdcard上，但是要知道apk的包名，后面卸载的时候要用到。
先上代码：
private void installSlient() { String cmd = "pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk"; Process process = null; DataOutputStream os = null; BufferedReader successResult = null; BufferedReader errorResult = null; StringBuilder successMsg = null; StringBuilder errorMsg = null; try { process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su"); os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream()); os.write(cmd.getBytes()); os.writeBytes("\n"); os.writeBytes("exit\n"); os.flush(); process.waitFor(); successMsg = new StringBuilder(); errorMsg = new StringBuilder(); successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream())); String s; while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) { successMsg.append(s); } while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) { errorMsg.append(s); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (os != null) { os.close(); } if (process != null) { process.destroy(); } if (successResult != null) { successResult.close(); } if (errorResult != null) { errorResult.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString()); }
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这段代码就是在程序中执行pm命令，和在adb下执行 pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk 效果是一样的, 关键的代码是 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“su”) ，这段代码会要求获取root权限，所以你的手机必须root，不想root的话，直接用模拟器也可以。
通过 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“su”) 获取到 process 对象后就可以写入命令了，每写入一条命令就要换行，写入 ‘\n’ 即可，最后写入exit后离开命令执行的环境.
5 静默卸载
静默卸载和静默安装是一样的，只是命令不同，静默卸载需要用到包名，同样，静默卸载也需要root权限
看代码：
private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.qiyi.video"; private void uninstallSlient() { String cmd = "pm uninstall " + PACKAGE_NAME; Process process = null; DataOutputStream os = null; BufferedReader successResult = null; BufferedReader errorResult = null; StringBuilder successMsg = null; StringBuilder errorMsg = null; try { process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su"); os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream()); os.write(cmd.getBytes()); os.writeBytes("\n"); os.writeBytes("exit\n"); os.flush(); process.waitFor(); successMsg = new StringBuilder(); errorMsg = new StringBuilder(); successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream())); String s; while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) { successMsg.append(s); } while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) { errorMsg.append(s); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (os != null) { os.close(); } if (process != null) { process.destroy(); } if (successResult != null) { successResult.close(); } if (errorResult != null) { errorResult.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString()); }
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和静默安装一样的代码就不解释了。还有，如果你不知道一个apk的包名，那么请反编译后去看AndroidManifest.xml文件，如果这个文件打开全是乱码，说明是被混淆过的，那么直接安装它，然后到/data/data下面去找它的包，当然，手机得root才能进/data/data目录。
6 智能安装
智能安装就稍微麻烦点了，原理是用到了android提供的AccessibilityService服务，这个服务可以获取屏幕上的节点，一个节点也就是一个view，我们写的xml文件中每个标签就是一个节点，然后可以模拟用户的操作，对这些节点进行点击、滑动等操作。我们就是利用这个原理，来自动点击安装按钮的，当然使用这个服务必须用户手动开启无障碍服务。下面我们来看具体的实现方法。
(1) 创建AccessibilityService配置文件
在res目录下创建xml目录，然后在xml目录下创建一个accessibility_service_config.xml文件，内容如下
res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml:
<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask" android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric" android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault" android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true" android:description="@string/desc" android:packageNames="com.android.packageinstaller" />
accessibilityEventTypes:指定我们在监听窗口中可以模拟哪些事件，typeAllMask表示所有的事件都能模拟.
accessibilityFeedbackType:指定无障碍服务的反馈方式.
canRetrieveWindowContent:指定是否允许我们的程序读取窗口中的节点和内容，当然是true.
description: 当用户手动配置服务时，会显示给用户看.
packageNames: 指定我们要监听哪个应用程序下的窗口活动，这里写com.android.packageinstaller表示监听Android系统的安装界面。
其余参数照写即可。
res/strings.xml:
<resources> <string name="app_name">SlientInstallTest</string> <string name="desc">智能安装app功能演示</string></resources>
(2) 创建AccessibilityService服务
public class MyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService { private static final String TAG = "[TAG]"; private Map<Integer, Boolean> handleMap = new HashMap<>(); @Override public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) { AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = event.getSource(); if (nodeInfo != null) { int eventType = event.getEventType(); if (eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED || eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED) { if (handleMap.get(event.getWindowId()) == null) { boolean handled = iterateNodesAndHandle(nodeInfo); if (handled) { handleMap.put(event.getWindowId(), true); } } } } } @Override public void onInterrupt() { } private boolean iterateNodesAndHandle(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo) { if (nodeInfo != null) { int childCount = nodeInfo.getChildCount(); if ("android.widget.Button".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) { String nodeCotent = nodeInfo.getText().toString(); Log.d(TAG, "content is: " + nodeCotent); if ("安装".equals(nodeCotent) || "完成".equals(nodeCotent) || "确定".equals(nodeCotent)) { nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK); return true; } } else if ("android.widget.ScrollView".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) { nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD); } for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { AccessibilityNodeInfo childNodeInfo = nodeInfo.getChild(i); if (iterateNodesAndHandle(childNodeInfo)) { return true; } } } return false; }}
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当进入apk安装界面就会回调onAccessibilityEvent()这个方法，我们只关心TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED和TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED两个事件，为了防止重复处理事件，用一个map来过滤事件，后面递归遍历节点，找到’安装’ ‘完成’ ‘确定’ 的按钮，就点击，由于安装界面需要滚动一下才能出现安装按钮，所以遇到ScrollView的时候就滚动一下.
(3) 在AndroidManifest中配置服务
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyAccessibilityService" android:label="智能安装App" android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService"/> </intent-filter> <meta-data android:name="android.accessibilityservice" android:resource="@xml/accessibility_service_config" /> </service> </application>
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重点是后面的service标签:
android:label：这个就是用户看到的无障碍服务的名称
android:permission: 需要用到BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE这个权限.
action: android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService 有了这个action，用户才能在设置里面看到我们的服务，否则用户无法开启我们写的服务，也就不能进到我们写的MyAccessibilityService里面了.所以，注意不要写错了，如果你发现无障碍服务里面没有我们写的服务，请检查这里.
(4) 调用智能安装代码
前面准备工作完毕后，现在要用了,调用智能安装的代码如下：
private void smartInstall() { Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/test.apk")); Intent localIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); localIntent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); startActivity(localIntent); }
(5) 手动配置智能安装服务
代码运行之后，还要用户选择开启智能安装服务，让用户自己去找是不明智的，因此，我们要主动跳到配置界面，代码如下：
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);startActivity(intent);
配置如下图:
看到了吗，上面显示的就是Service里面的label的值，如果你没有上面的选项，请检查AndroidManifest里面Service的配置.
点击’智能安装App’,开启服务，如下图：
其中的提示文字就是我们在res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml文件中配置的description属性
7 只能我们写的app可以自动安装
这样写完代码可以运行，点击按钮自动安装sdcard上的test.apk.但是你会发现，所有apk都会自动安装，这就不符合我们的要求了，我们要求只能通过我们写的app来自动安装，其他apk还是要用户手动去点。怎么解决这个问题呢？
思路是：在MainActivity中创建一个public static boolean flag,在MyAccessibilityService的onAccessibilityEvent()中加一个flag判断，然后调用智能安装前flag设为true,创建apk安装事件的广播接收器，当apk安装完成后，设置falg为false，这样其他apk就不能自动安装了，就解决了这个问题
下面上完整代码.
8 完整代码
app/MainActivity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "[TAG][MainActivity]"; private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.qiyi.video"; private String apkPath = "/mnt/sdcard/test.apk"; public static boolean flag = false; private TextView tvTest; private MyInstallReceiver receiver; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tvTest = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_test); findViewById(R.id.btn_install).setOnClickListener(this); findViewById(R.id.btn_uninstall).setOnClickListener(this); findViewById(R.id.btn_set).setOnClickListener(this); findViewById(R.id.btn_smart_install).setOnClickListener(this); receiver = new MyInstallReceiver(); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED"); filter.addAction("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"); filter.addDataScheme("package"); this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.btn_install: installSlient(); break; case R.id.btn_uninstall: uninstallSlient(); break; case R.id.btn_set: Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS); startActivity(intent); break; case R.id.btn_smart_install: flag = true; smartInstall(); break; } } private void installSlient() { String cmd = "pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk"; Process process = null; DataOutputStream os = null; BufferedReader successResult = null; BufferedReader errorResult = null; StringBuilder successMsg = null; StringBuilder errorMsg = null; try { process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su"); os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream()); os.write(cmd.getBytes()); os.writeBytes("\n"); os.writeBytes("exit\n"); os.flush(); process.waitFor(); successMsg = new StringBuilder(); errorMsg = new StringBuilder(); successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream())); String s; while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) { successMsg.append(s); } while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) { errorMsg.append(s); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (os != null) { os.close(); } if (process != null) { process.destroy(); } if (successResult != null) { successResult.close(); } if (errorResult != null) { errorResult.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString()); } private void uninstallSlient() { String cmd = "pm uninstall " + PACKAGE_NAME; Process process = null; DataOutputStream os = null; BufferedReader successResult = null; BufferedReader errorResult = null; StringBuilder successMsg = null; StringBuilder errorMsg = null; try { process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su"); os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream()); os.write(cmd.getBytes()); os.writeBytes("\n"); os.writeBytes("exit\n"); os.flush(); process.waitFor(); successMsg = new StringBuilder(); errorMsg = new StringBuilder(); successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream())); String s; while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) { successMsg.append(s); } while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) { errorMsg.append(s); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (os != null) { os.close(); } if (process != null) { process.destroy(); } if (successResult != null) { successResult.close(); } if (errorResult != null) { errorResult.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString()); } private void smartInstall() { Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(apkPath)); Intent localIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); localIntent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); startActivity(localIntent); } private class MyInstallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED")) { String packageName = intent.getDataString(); Log.i(TAG, "安装了 :" + packageName); flag = false; } if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED")) { String packageName = intent.getDataString(); Log.i(TAG, "卸载了 :" + packageName); } } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (receiver != null) { unregisterReceiver(receiver); } }}
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界面上就三个按钮
res/layout/activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_test" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_install" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:text="安装" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_uninstall" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/btn_install" android:text="卸载" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_set" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/btn_uninstall" android:text="开启智能安装功能" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_smart_install" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/btn_set" android:text="智能安装" /></RelativeLayout>
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服务配置文件
res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml
<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask" android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric" android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault" android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true" android:description="@string/desc" android:packageNames="com.android.packageinstaller" />
智能安装服务
app/MyAccessibilityService.java:
public class MyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService { private static final String TAG = "[TAG]"; private Map<Integer, Boolean> handleMap = new HashMap<>(); @Override public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) { AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = event.getSource(); if (nodeInfo != null && MainActivity.flag) { int eventType = event.getEventType(); if (eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED || eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED) { if (handleMap.get(event.getWindowId()) == null) { boolean handled = iterateNodesAndHandle(nodeInfo); if (handled) { handleMap.put(event.getWindowId(), true); } } } } } @Override public void onInterrupt() { } private boolean iterateNodesAndHandle(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo) { if (nodeInfo != null) { int childCount = nodeInfo.getChildCount(); if ("android.widget.Button".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) { String nodeCotent = nodeInfo.getText().toString(); Log.d(TAG, "content is: " + nodeCotent); if ("安装".equals(nodeCotent) || "完成".equals(nodeCotent) || "确定".equals(nodeCotent)) { nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK); return true; } } else if ("android.widget.ScrollView".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) { nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD); } for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { AccessibilityNodeInfo childNodeInfo = nodeInfo.getChild(i); if (iterateNodesAndHandle(childNodeInfo)) { return true; } } } return false; }}
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最后是配置文件AndroidManifest.xml:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.slientinstalltest"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyAccessibilityService" android:label="智能安装App" android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService"/> </intent-filter> <meta-data android:name="android.accessibilityservice" android:resource="@xml/accessibility_service_config" /> </service> </application></manifest>
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注意：请把自己要安装的apk放到sdcard上，并且修改代码中的apk路径和包名
9 运行效果
10 代码下载
演示代码已经上传，下载地址:
http://download.csdn.net/detail/fuchaosz/9570881
11 总结
Android智能安装的原理就是利用了类似钩子的服务，这个服务还可以用于微信抢红包的开发，怎么样，是不是比ios好玩儿的多呢.
12 转载请注明来自”梧桐那时雨”的博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fuchaosz/article/details/51852442
